【摘要】：重型卡車后橋減速器是重卡傳動系的一部分,減速器所用圓錐滾子軸承是保證其正常運行的關(guān)鍵零部件之一。某重型卡車后橋減速器選用32013型圓錐滾子軸承,由于軸承須在重載、承受大沖擊載荷并承受徑向和軸向載荷的惡劣工況下運行,大擋邊會偶發(fā)軸向斷裂的現(xiàn)象,這將降低軸承使用的可靠性和壽命。所以,需要對軸承大擋邊斷裂現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析,找出斷裂原因和解決措施,確保軸承安全、可靠的運轉(zhuǎn)。本文主要的研究內(nèi)容包括以下方面:(1)研究了圓錐滾子軸承32013大擋邊斷裂失效的原因。分析了圓錐滾子軸承32013的結(jié)構(gòu),確定了單個軸承的受力狀態(tài)。根據(jù)實際工況下重型卡車后橋減速器軸承受載形式及相關(guān)參數(shù),計算出了軸承所受載荷的大小。計算結(jié)果表明,發(fā)生斷裂失效現(xiàn)象的軸承是在超載的工況下運行的,所以超載是導(dǎo)致軸承斷裂失效的根本原因。(2)研究了提高大擋邊強度的方法。通過對影響軸承大擋邊強度因素的分析,提出了增大大擋邊厚度來減小擋邊所受應(yīng)力的方法,分別利用傳統(tǒng)力學(xué)和有限元軟件計算出了擋邊厚度加厚時對應(yīng)的應(yīng)力值。結(jié)果表明,增大擋邊厚度,可提高擋邊強度。隨后,研究了大檔邊加厚的軸承結(jié)構(gòu)�；谳S承設(shè)計輕量化的設(shè)計準(zhǔn)則,確定了大擋邊加厚的尺寸方向,依據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)32013結(jié)構(gòu)圖,對滾子長度和大徑做了相應(yīng)調(diào)整,得出了擋邊加厚后的軸承內(nèi)圈結(jié)構(gòu)圖。(3)應(yīng)用有限元分析了軸承大擋邊的受力狀況。通過ANSYS軟件分別對額定載荷和超載時軸承模型所受載荷的仿真分析,計算了不同載荷時大擋邊處的接觸應(yīng)力,發(fā)現(xiàn)軸承超載時所受應(yīng)力及變形程度均高于額定載荷時的狀態(tài)。通過對不同擋邊厚度模型的有限元分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著擋邊厚度的不斷增加,大擋邊處所受應(yīng)力將逐漸減小的變化趨勢,進(jìn)而印證了增大擋邊厚度可以降低擋邊所受應(yīng)力的可行性。接著,依據(jù)大擋邊的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和大擋邊受力作用點對擋邊強度的影響,確定了優(yōu)化后的大擋邊尺寸并推導(dǎo)出了擋邊受力作用點位置的計算公式及擋邊與內(nèi)滾道夾角的取值范圍,得到了優(yōu)化后的大擋邊結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸。(4)驗證了大擋邊優(yōu)化后的圓錐滾子軸承32013的疲勞壽命。依據(jù)優(yōu)化后的軸承結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸圖,對軸承制定了合理的生產(chǎn)加工工藝與檢測要求,應(yīng)用疲勞壽命實驗機機對優(yōu)化后的軸承做疲勞實驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)擋邊厚度為a=5.49±0.01,ψ=89°27'~89°38'時,軸承不再出現(xiàn)斷裂失效現(xiàn)象,此時軸承壽命可完全滿足使用要求。
[Abstract]:The rear axle reducer of heavy truck is a part of the heavy truck transmission system. The tapered roller bearing used in the reducer is one of the key parts to ensure its normal operation. The rear axle reducer of a heavy truck uses 32013 type tapered roller bearing. Because the bearing has to operate under the bad conditions of heavy load, heavy impact load and radial and axial load, the large flange will occasionally break in the axial direction. This will reduce the reliability and service life of bearings. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the fracture phenomenon of bearing big flange, to find out the cause of fracture and to solve the problem, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of bearing. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the causes of fracture failure of tapered roller bearing 32013 big flange are studied. The structure of tapered roller bearing 32013 is analyzed and the stress state of single bearing is determined. According to the bearing load form and related parameters of rear axle reducer of heavy truck under actual working condition, the load magnitude of bearing is calculated. The calculation results show that the bearing with fracture failure is operated under the condition of overload, so overload is the fundamental reason for the failure of bearing fracture. (2) the method to improve the strength of large flange is studied. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the strength of the large flange of the bearing, the method of increasing the thickness of the flange to reduce the stress on the flange is put forward. The stress values corresponding to the thickening of the flange are calculated by using the traditional mechanics and finite element software respectively. The results show that the strength of the flange can be improved by increasing the thickness of the flange. Then, the bearing structure with thickened edge is studied. Based on the lightweight design criterion of bearing design, the dimension direction of thickening of large flange is determined. According to the standard 32013 structure diagram, the length and diameter of roller are adjusted accordingly. The structure diagram of bearing inner ring with thickened flange is obtained. (3) finite element analysis is used to analyze the force condition of bearing big flange. Through the simulation analysis of the load on the bearing model under rated load and overload by ANSYS software, the contact stress at the big flange under different loads is calculated. It is found that the stress and deformation degree of the bearing under overload is higher than that at rated load. Through the finite element analysis of different flange thickness models, it is found that with the increasing of the thickness of the flange, the stress at the big flange will gradually decrease, which proves the feasibility that increasing the thickness of the flange can reduce the stress of the flange. Then, according to the structural form of large flange and the effect of force acting point on the strength of flange, the optimized size of large flange is determined, and the formula for calculating the position of acting point and the range of angle between flange and inner raceway are deduced. The optimized size of the large flange structure is obtained. (4) the fatigue life of the optimized tapered roller bearing 32013 is verified. According to the structural size diagram of the optimized bearing, the reasonable production and processing technology and the testing requirements were made for the bearing. The fatigue test was carried out on the optimized bearing by using the fatigue life tester. It was found that when the thickness of the flange was 5.49 鹵0.01, 蠄 89 擄270.89 擄38', Bearing no longer appears fracture failure phenomenon, this time the bearing life can fully meet the requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U463.218

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