【摘要】：隨著全球汽車數(shù)量的急劇增加,環(huán)境污染以及能源短缺問題已成為世界各國(guó)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。電動(dòng)汽車因其具有零污染以及較高的能源利用率的優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為全球各大汽車生產(chǎn)商研究的焦點(diǎn),被認(rèn)為是燃油汽車的主要替代品。但是蓄電池的能量密度較低以及一次充電續(xù)駛里程短的問題,成為限制電動(dòng)汽車推廣發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素。解決電動(dòng)汽車?yán)m(xù)駛里程短的問題目前主要通過能量回饋制動(dòng)來實(shí)現(xiàn),即在汽車剎車的過程中,通過將電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榘l(fā)電機(jī),將汽車制動(dòng)減少的動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能回充到蓄電池中,實(shí)現(xiàn)能源的再利用。同時(shí)在此過程中產(chǎn)生一個(gè)制動(dòng)的作用力,提高了汽車的制動(dòng)效能。為了提高電動(dòng)汽車的能源利用率,增加汽車一次充電的續(xù)駛里程,論文對(duì)無刷直流電機(jī)能量回饋制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了深入研究。論文首先介紹了電動(dòng)汽車以及能量回饋制動(dòng)技術(shù)在國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀。分析了市面上各種電機(jī)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),選擇無刷直流電機(jī)作為本次研究的電機(jī)模型,并根據(jù)無刷直流電機(jī)的工作原理和基本結(jié)構(gòu)建立了它的數(shù)學(xué)模型。然后對(duì)無刷直流電機(jī)能量回饋制動(dòng)的原理進(jìn)行了深入的研究,分析了在半橋調(diào)制控制下能量回饋制動(dòng)過程中的電路狀態(tài),并在以上基礎(chǔ)上介紹了在一個(gè)PWM周期內(nèi)電路中的回饋制動(dòng)電流、反電動(dòng)勢(shì)以及占空比之間的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系。對(duì)能量回饋制動(dòng)中的約束條件和控制策略進(jìn)行了分析,選擇恒轉(zhuǎn)矩能量回饋制動(dòng)控制作為論文的控制策略。在模糊控制理論的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)三維的模糊控制器,并以該模糊控制器為控制核心建立了無刷直流電機(jī)能量回饋制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的仿真模型。在MATLAB/Simulink環(huán)境中進(jìn)行仿真,結(jié)果顯示提出的恒轉(zhuǎn)矩模糊控制策略取得了理想的能量回收效果以及制動(dòng)控制效果。最后完成了基于DSP控制的無刷直流電機(jī)能量回饋制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì),主要包括驅(qū)動(dòng)電路的設(shè)計(jì)、主電路的設(shè)計(jì)、檢測(cè)電路的設(shè)計(jì)以及降壓電路設(shè)計(jì)。并對(duì)無刷直流電機(jī)能量回饋制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行軟件編程,采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì),增強(qiáng)了程序的可讀性和通用性。論文對(duì)基于DSP芯片TMS320LF2407A控制的無刷直流電機(jī)能量回饋制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,給出了實(shí)驗(yàn)中得出的數(shù)據(jù)和波形,根據(jù)得出的數(shù)據(jù)和波形對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了總結(jié)分析,驗(yàn)證了論文所提出的無刷直流電機(jī)能量回饋制動(dòng)策略的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase of the number of cars in the world, environmental pollution and energy shortage have become the focus of attention all over the world. Because of its advantages of zero pollution and high energy efficiency, electric vehicles (EV) have become the focus of research among the major automobile manufacturers around the world, and are considered as the main alternatives to fuel vehicles. However, the low energy density of the battery and the short driving mileage of the primary charge are the key factors restricting the popularization and development of electric vehicles. At present, the problem of short driving mileage of electric vehicle is mainly realized by energy feedback braking, that is, in the process of braking, the motor is transformed into a generator, and the reduced kinetic energy of the brake is converted into electric energy to be recharged into the battery. To realize the reuse of energy. At the same time, a braking force is produced in the process, which improves the braking efficiency of the vehicle. In order to improve the energy efficiency of electric vehicles and increase the driving mileage of single charge, the energy feedback braking system of brushless DC motor is studied in this paper. This paper firstly introduces the research status of electric vehicle and energy feedback braking technology at home and abroad. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of motors on the market, selects brushless DC motor as the motor model of this study, and establishes its mathematical model according to the working principle and basic structure of brushless DC motor. Then, the principle of energy feedback braking of brushless DC motor is deeply studied, and the circuit state of energy feedback braking under half-bridge modulation control is analyzed. On the basis of the above, the mathematical relations among the feedback braking current, the back EMF and the duty cycle in a PWM cycle are introduced. The constraint conditions and control strategies of energy feedback braking are analyzed, and the constant torque energy feedback braking control is chosen as the control strategy in this paper. Based on the fuzzy control theory, a three-dimensional fuzzy controller is designed, and the simulation model of the brushless DC motor energy feedback braking system is established with the fuzzy controller as the control core. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink environment show that the proposed fuzzy control strategy of constant torque achieves ideal energy recovery effect and braking control effect. Finally, the hardware circuit design of brushless DC motor energy feedback braking system based on DSP control is completed, including the design of driving circuit, the design of main circuit, the design of detection circuit and the design of step-down circuit. And the energy feedback braking system of brushless DC motor is programmed by software and modular design is adopted to enhance the readability and versatility of the program. In this paper, the energy feedback braking system of brushless DC motor based on DSP chip TMS320LF2407A is verified experimentally. The data and waveform obtained from the experiment are given, and the experimental results are summarized and analyzed according to the obtained data and waveform. The feasibility of energy feedback braking strategy of brushless DC motor proposed in this paper is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U469.72

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本文編號(hào)：2164470