正面碰撞中主動(dòng)式座椅參數(shù)對(duì)50th乘員保護(hù)的仿真研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-04-10 14:31
本文選題:座椅 + Hybrid; 參考:《湖南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文
【摘要】:座椅是乘員約束系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,對(duì)減小碰撞事故中乘員的損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)起著重要的作用。座椅參數(shù)的調(diào)整,將決定乘員的乘坐姿勢(shì),而坐姿將影響碰撞時(shí)乘員的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)響應(yīng),進(jìn)而影響約束系統(tǒng)對(duì)乘員的保護(hù)效果。如果主動(dòng)式座椅能在碰撞發(fā)生前,將座椅參數(shù)調(diào)整到最佳的防護(hù)狀態(tài),將使乘員約束系統(tǒng)對(duì)乘員達(dá)到最佳的保護(hù)效果,從而有效降低碰撞時(shí)乘員的損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。為了研究主動(dòng)式座椅對(duì)正面碰撞時(shí)50百分位乘員的保護(hù)效果,本文對(duì)主動(dòng)式座椅參數(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。首先,依據(jù)某量產(chǎn)車型副駕駛員區(qū)相關(guān)尺寸,設(shè)計(jì)了簡(jiǎn)化的臺(tái)車約束系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,并按照C-NCAP 2015實(shí)驗(yàn)要求,采用Hybrid Ⅲ 50th假人在湖南大學(xué)汽車碰撞試驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行了臺(tái)車碰撞實(shí)驗(yàn)。依據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)工況建立了臺(tái)車約束系統(tǒng)有限元模型,并將仿真結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了有限元模型的有效性。其次,通過(guò)對(duì)座椅參數(shù)進(jìn)行單因素分析,研究了單個(gè)座椅參數(shù)的改變,對(duì)50百分位乘員損傷的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上確定了座椅前后位置、坐墊高度、坐墊傾角和靠背傾角等變量的取值范圍。采用最優(yōu)拉丁方試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)在設(shè)計(jì)空間進(jìn)行采樣,使用LS-DYNA軟件對(duì)采樣點(diǎn)分別進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算,并依據(jù)仿真結(jié)果,建立了具有較高可信度的Kriging代理模型;贙riging代理模型,采用多島遺傳算法定位目標(biāo)極值在設(shè)計(jì)空間中所處的區(qū)域,再采用NLPQL算法對(duì)該區(qū)域進(jìn)行精確尋優(yōu),獲得了適用于50百分位乘員的座椅最佳參數(shù)。優(yōu)化后加權(quán)損傷準(zhǔn)則WIC降低了15.77%。最后,通過(guò)對(duì)乘員頭部HIC_(36)、胸部C_(3ms)和C_(comp)的Kriging模型分析發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)于50百分位的乘員,當(dāng)坐墊高度大于45mm、靠背傾角在15°~35°之間時(shí),碰撞前將座椅向后移動(dòng)有利于降低乘員頭部HIC_(36)和胸部C_(3ms),但胸部C_(comp)會(huì)有所增加;當(dāng)坐墊高度在0mm~60mm之間調(diào)節(jié)時(shí),增加坐墊高度能有效降低乘員頭部HIC_(36)和胸部C_(comp),坐墊高度在35mm~45mm之間時(shí),胸部C_(3ms)較小;當(dāng)坐墊傾角在15°~30°之間調(diào)節(jié)時(shí),增大坐墊傾角能有效降低乘員胸部C_(3ms)和C_(comp),但對(duì)乘員頭部HIC_(36)的影響不明顯;當(dāng)靠背傾角在15°~35°之間調(diào)節(jié)時(shí),增大靠背傾角有利于降低乘員頭部HIC_(36),但乘員胸部C_(comp)會(huì)略有增加。結(jié)果表明,正面碰撞前調(diào)整座椅前后位置、坐墊高度、坐墊傾角和靠背傾角,可以有效降低50百分位乘員的綜合損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:The seat is an important part of the occupant restraint system and plays an important role in reducing the damage risk of the occupants in the collision accident.If the active seat can adjust the seat parameters to the best protection state before the collision, the occupant restraint system will achieve the best protection effect on the occupants, thus effectively reducing the damage risk of the occupants.In order to study the protective effect of active seat on 50 percentile occupants in frontal impact, the parameters of active seat are studied in this paper.Firstly, according to the relative dimensions of the copilot area of a certain mass production vehicle, a simplified experimental device of the vehicle restraint system is designed. According to the requirements of the C-NCAP 2015 experiment, the Hybrid 鈪,
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