本文選題：純電動客車　切入點：再生制動　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：再生制動系統(tǒng)是純電動客車的重要組成部分,對原車加裝再生制動控制系統(tǒng)能夠降低整車能耗、提高續(xù)駛里程并能夠延長機械制動系統(tǒng)的使用壽命。加裝再生制動控制系統(tǒng)在結(jié)構(gòu)上只需在制動踏板上加裝角位移傳感器,而不需改動電機和動力電池結(jié)構(gòu),易于實現(xiàn)。再生制動控制程序也是整車控制策略的重要組成部分。提高制動能量回收利用率和降低制動模式切換時的沖擊度是制定再生制動控制策略的兩個重要的目的。本課題來源于吉林大學(xué)與吉林省高新電動汽車有限公司的合同“純電動客車整車控制策略及控制系統(tǒng)開發(fā)”。本文需制定合理的再生制動控制策略,以提高純電動客車?yán)m(xù)駛里程,并能保證再生制動模式切換時電機轉(zhuǎn)矩變化平穩(wěn),使整車具有較好的乘坐舒適性。對再生制動控制系統(tǒng)進行設(shè)計,并進行硬件在環(huán)試驗以保證控制系統(tǒng)的有效性,本文主要內(nèi)容包括:(1)對再生制動主要部件進行機理分析。分析了氣壓制動控制閥結(jié)構(gòu)及工作過程,在原車制動踏板上加裝角位移傳感器,通過試驗對制動踏板開度與傳感器采集電壓值關(guān)系進行標(biāo)定;分析了永磁同步電機制動原理,確定了電機及其冷卻系統(tǒng)的布置方案,通過試驗獲得了電機外特性曲線;分析了動力電池特性,通過試驗獲得了充電時單體電池端電壓與電池SOC的關(guān)系,并確定了電池充電電流門限值。(2)制定了再生制動控制策略。確定ECE法規(guī)和電機以及電池特性限制下的最大電機制動轉(zhuǎn)矩;根據(jù)再生制動轉(zhuǎn)矩限值曲線將制動模式劃分為小、中、大三種;通過車輛加速度和電機驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩對車輛載荷狀態(tài)進行識別,在不同載荷狀態(tài)時對制動模式劃分的制動踏板開度值進行調(diào)整;制定了再生制動模式切換時的電機轉(zhuǎn)矩控制策略。(3)在CRUISE仿真軟件中搭建了整車動力學(xué)模型,并對仿真工況進行定義;在MATLAB/SIMULINK中搭建再生制動控制策略模型,包括車輛載荷識別模塊、再生制動轉(zhuǎn)矩控制模塊以及再生制動模式切換控制模塊,并進行聯(lián)合仿真。仿真結(jié)果表明本文的再生制動控制策略提高了整車經(jīng)濟性,載荷識別控制能提高制動能量回收利用率,制動模式切換控制能提高切換時的舒適性。(4)對整車控制系統(tǒng)進行了設(shè)計。對整車控制器進行硬件及接口定義;制定了整車控制器與電池管理系統(tǒng)和電機控制器的CAN通訊協(xié)議;在codewarrior中編寫了整車上下電控制以及再生制動控制等程序。搭建控制系統(tǒng)測試平臺,對所制定的控制策略及控制系統(tǒng)進行硬件在環(huán)試驗,結(jié)果表明本文的再生制動控制策略提高了整車經(jīng)濟性,載荷識別控制能提高制動能量回收利用率,制動模式切換控制能提高切換時的舒適性。
[Abstract]:Regenerative braking system is an important part of pure electric bus. Adding regenerative braking control system to the original vehicle can reduce the energy consumption of the whole vehicle, increase the driving range and prolong the service life of the mechanical braking system.In addition, the regenerative brake control system only need to install angle displacement sensor on the brake pedal in structure, without changing the structure of motor and power battery, so it is easy to be realized.Regenerative braking control program is also an important part of vehicle control strategy.Two important purposes of developing regenerative braking control strategy are to improve the utilization rate of braking energy recovery and reduce the impact degree of braking mode switching.This subject comes from the contract between Jilin University and Jilin High-Tech Electric vehicle Co., Ltd., "Development of Control Strategy and Control system for Pure Electric bus".In this paper, reasonable regenerative braking control strategy should be worked out in order to improve the driving mileage of pure electric passenger cars, and to ensure the smooth change of motor torque when the regenerative braking mode is switched, so as to make the whole vehicle have better ride comfort.The regenerative braking control system is designed, and the hardware in loop test is carried out to ensure the effectiveness of the control system. The main content of this paper includes the analysis of the mechanism of the main parts of regenerative braking.The structure and working process of pneumatic brake control valve are analyzed, the angle displacement sensor is installed on the brake pedal of the original vehicle, the relation between brake pedal opening and sensor acquisition voltage is calibrated through experiments, and the braking principle of permanent magnet synchronous motor is analyzed.The layout scheme of the motor and its cooling system is determined, the external characteristic curve of the motor is obtained by experiments, the characteristics of the power battery are analyzed, and the relationship between the terminal voltage of the single cell and the SOC of the battery during charging is obtained.The battery charging current threshold value is determined. 2) Regenerative braking control strategy is established.Determine the maximum motor braking torque under the limitation of ECE regulations and motor and battery characteristics, divide braking mode into three types according to regenerative brake torque limit curve: small, medium and large.The vehicle load state is identified by vehicle acceleration and motor driving torque, and the brake pedal opening value is adjusted in different load states.The motor torque control strategy of regenerative braking mode switching is established. The dynamic model of the whole vehicle is built in the CRUISE simulation software, and the simulation condition is defined, and the regenerative braking control strategy model is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK.It includes vehicle load identification module, regenerative braking torque control module and regenerative braking mode switching control module.The simulation results show that the regenerative braking control strategy in this paper can improve the economy of the whole vehicle, the load identification control can improve the recovery efficiency of braking energy, and the braking mode switching control can improve the comfort of the switch.The hardware and interface of the whole vehicle controller are defined, the CAN communication protocol between the whole vehicle controller and the battery management system and the motor controller is established, and the whole vehicle up and down power control and regenerative braking control programs are written in codewarrior.The test platform of the control system is set up and the hardware of the control system is tested. The results show that the regenerative braking control strategy in this paper can improve the economy of the whole vehicle and the load identification control can improve the recovery efficiency of braking energy.Braking mode switching control can improve the comfort of switching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U469.72

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