本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電動(dòng)汽車 懸架設(shè)計(jì) 平順性 ADAMS/Car 優(yōu)化仿真　出處：《遼寧工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境問題日益劇增,然而燃油汽車即是能源消耗最大用戶之一,又是造成環(huán)境污染的主要污染源之一。為了解決能源與環(huán)境問題電動(dòng)汽車走上了汽車舞臺(tái),因?yàn)殡妱?dòng)汽車節(jié)能環(huán)保,低污染被政府和汽車商們所看重。由于大部分電動(dòng)汽車的懸架部分都是燃油汽車改裝而來,相對(duì)于燃油汽車電動(dòng)機(jī)、電池和特定有的傳動(dòng)裝置取代了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)及其相關(guān)傳動(dòng)系組件,這樣一來車身的質(zhì)量相對(duì)增大,質(zhì)心的位置也隨之發(fā)生改變。因此原有的懸架不能很好的匹配改裝后的電動(dòng)汽車,這樣就會(huì)影響電動(dòng)汽車的整體性能。因此需要對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車的懸架各個(gè)部件進(jìn)行從新設(shè)計(jì)、優(yōu)化以改善電動(dòng)汽車整車性能。本文研究的是一款代步電動(dòng)汽車,更注重行駛中汽車舒適程度,因此主要研究懸架對(duì)整車平順性方面為入手點(diǎn)。首先,論文對(duì)多體動(dòng)力學(xué)原理和柔性體在ADAMS中建立的方法進(jìn)行了闡述。然后,通過某一款電動(dòng)車所提供的整車基本數(shù)據(jù)來設(shè)計(jì)其前、后懸架,用CAD實(shí)體建模軟件(CATIA)建立前后懸架系統(tǒng)的幾何模型。從CATIA中提取出在多體動(dòng)力學(xué)ADAMS/Car中搭建前后懸架模型所需要的硬點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)。通過與ADAMS/Car中提供的懸架系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)相結(jié)合,分別完成±50mm雙輪同向跳動(dòng)試驗(yàn),找出微型電動(dòng)汽車前、后懸架系統(tǒng)在隨車輪跳動(dòng)過程中變化不合理的車輪定位參數(shù)。以不合理的定位參數(shù)為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,應(yīng)用ADAMS/Insight模塊,對(duì)不合理的定位參數(shù)進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)遺傳算法優(yōu)化,使其盡可能達(dá)到理想的設(shè)計(jì)變化范圍。最后,將定位參數(shù)優(yōu)化后的前后懸架對(duì)其柔性化處理并搭建整車剛?cè)狁詈咸摂M樣機(jī)模型后對(duì)整車平順性仿真,根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果對(duì)微型電動(dòng)汽車懸架特性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。通過對(duì)整車的平順性仿真可以看出,電動(dòng)汽車在高速行駛過程中產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)人體造成傷害,低速時(shí)候不會(huì)出現(xiàn)任何不良現(xiàn)象,因此滿足我們所設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the energy crisis and environmental problems have been increasing rapidly. However, fuel vehicles are not only one of the largest users of energy consumption, but also one of the main sources of environmental pollution. In order to solve the problem of energy and environment, electric vehicles have stepped onto the automobile stage. Because electric vehicles are energy efficient and environmentally friendly, low pollution is valued by governments and automakers. Because most of the suspension of electric vehicles is modified from fuel-powered cars, compared to electric motors, Batteries and specific drives replace the engine and its associated drivetrain components, so the mass of the body increases and the center of mass changes. So the original suspension doesn't match the modified electric vehicle very well. This will affect the overall performance of electric vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign and optimize the suspension components of electric vehicles in order to improve the performance of electric vehicles. More attention is paid to the comfort degree of the vehicle while driving, so it is mainly studied that the suspension is suitable for the ride of the whole vehicle. Firstly, the principle of multi-body dynamics and the method of establishing flexible body in ADAMS are expounded in this paper. Design the front and rear suspensions through the basic data of the whole vehicle provided by a certain electric vehicle, The geometric model of the front and rear suspension system is established by using the CAD solid modeling software (CATIA). The hard point coordinates needed to build the front and rear suspension model in the multi-body dynamics ADAMS/Car are extracted from the CATIA. By combining with the suspension system test bench provided in ADAMS/Car, the geometric model of the front and rear suspension system is established. The 鹵50mm double-wheel codirectional test was completed to find out the unreasonable wheel positioning parameters in the front and rear suspension system of the micro electric vehicle. Taking the unreasonable positioning parameters as the test object, the ADAMS/Insight module was applied. The unreasonable location parameters are optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm to make it reach the ideal design range as far as possible. Finally, After the optimization of positioning parameters, the front and rear suspensions are treated with flexibility and the vehicle ride comfort is simulated after the rigid and flexible coupling virtual prototype model is built. According to the simulation results, the suspension characteristics of the micro electric vehicle are evaluated. Through the simulation of the ride comfort of the whole vehicle, it can be seen that the vibration generated by the electric vehicle during the high speed driving will cause harm to the human body. At low speed there will not be any bad phenomena, so meet our design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U469.72;U463.33

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