本文關(guān)鍵詞： 車(chē)載感應(yīng)電機(jī) 直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制 空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制 滑模變結(jié)構(gòu) 模型參考自適應(yīng)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著環(huán)境污染與能源危機(jī)問(wèn)題的日益顯現(xiàn),汽車(chē)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域逐漸將混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)視為行業(yè)發(fā)展的重要趨勢(shì)。驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)作為混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)的核心組成部分,對(duì)汽車(chē)控制性能有重要影響。由于交流感應(yīng)電機(jī)本身具有易于生產(chǎn)、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低、效率高和可靠性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),國(guó)內(nèi)外大部分混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)選擇以交流感應(yīng)電機(jī)為驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)。直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制作為一種新興交流電機(jī)控制技術(shù),具備控制思路新穎、目標(biāo)明確以及系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單等優(yōu)點(diǎn),與其它控制策略相比有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文選擇以混合動(dòng)力車(chē)載感應(yīng)電機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合車(chē)載感應(yīng)電機(jī)運(yùn)行條件對(duì)直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析研究,并針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)中存在的一些缺陷設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化改進(jìn)方案。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.在傳統(tǒng)直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)中,轉(zhuǎn)矩和定子磁鏈偏差由滯環(huán)比較器獲得,再通過(guò)開(kāi)關(guān)矢量選擇表選擇合適的電壓矢量。這種控制結(jié)構(gòu)使系統(tǒng)受到滯環(huán)寬度的影響,電壓矢量只能在有限個(gè)數(shù)中切換,并且造成逆變器開(kāi)關(guān)頻率不固定。本文基于空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改進(jìn),SVPWM技術(shù)可以根據(jù)上一周期磁鏈和轉(zhuǎn)矩的偏差預(yù)測(cè)出下一周期的期望空間電壓矢量,并且期望電壓矢量能夠由所在扇區(qū)內(nèi)的兩個(gè)相鄰非零電壓矢量和零矢量作用合成。不僅克服電壓矢量數(shù)量上的限制,也固定了逆變器的開(kāi)關(guān)頻率。實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)定子磁鏈平滑調(diào)節(jié),優(yōu)化電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)。2.在直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)中,需要獲得準(zhǔn)確的電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速才能實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的閉環(huán)控制。但是,測(cè)速儀器不僅增加經(jīng)濟(jì)成本還需要定期維護(hù),在一些工業(yè)條件下較難實(shí)現(xiàn)。本文根據(jù)交流電機(jī)數(shù)學(xué)模型和直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制原理,結(jié)合模型參考自適應(yīng)原理設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)速估計(jì)環(huán)節(jié),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的精確估計(jì)。3.本文利用滑模變結(jié)構(gòu)控制理論對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。根據(jù)滑模變結(jié)構(gòu)控制理論,設(shè)計(jì)磁鏈滑模控制器和轉(zhuǎn)矩滑�？刂破�,替代原始SVPWM模塊中PI調(diào)節(jié)器生成參考電壓。同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)定子磁鏈滑模觀測(cè)器,提高定子磁鏈觀測(cè)精度。利用李雅普諾夫穩(wěn)定性原理驗(yàn)證變結(jié)構(gòu)控制器和觀測(cè)器的穩(wěn)定性。通過(guò)應(yīng)用滑模變結(jié)構(gòu)控制,克服了系統(tǒng)在實(shí)際運(yùn)行過(guò)程中電機(jī)參數(shù)變化和外界擾動(dòng)的影響,有效的增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的魯棒性。在MATLAB/Simulink環(huán)境中建立控制系統(tǒng)仿真模型。通過(guò)對(duì)比分析仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,證明改進(jìn)后直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)的定子磁鏈軌跡和電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)獲得明顯改善,同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速精確估計(jì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了優(yōu)化方案的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of environmental pollution and energy crisis, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are regarded as an important trend in automobile industry. The driving system is the core component of HEV. The AC induction motor has the advantages of easy production, simple structure, low cost, high efficiency and good reliability. Most hybrid electric vehicles at home and abroad choose AC induction motor as the driving motor. As a new AC motor control technology, direct torque control has the advantages of novel control ideas, clear objectives and simple system structure. Compared with other control strategies, this paper chooses the hybrid vehicle loaded induction motor as the research object and analyzes the direct torque control system in combination with the on-board induction motor operating conditions. The main research contents are as follows: 1. In the traditional direct torque control system, the torque and stator flux deviation are obtained by hysteresis comparator. Then the switching vector selection table is used to select the appropriate voltage vector. This control structure makes the system be affected by the hysteresis width, and the voltage vector can only be switched in a limited number. Based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), an improved SVPWM technique can be used to predict the expected space voltage vector for the next period according to the deviation of flux and torque in the previous period. Moreover, the expected voltage vector can be combined by two adjacent nonzero voltage vectors and zero vectors in the sector. It not only overcomes the limitation of the number of voltage vectors, but also fixes the switching frequency of the inverter. In the direct torque control system, the accurate speed of the motor is needed to realize the closed-loop control of the system. However, the speed measuring instrument not only increases the economic cost, but also needs to be maintained on a regular basis. It is difficult to realize in some industrial conditions. According to the mathematical model of AC motor and the principle of direct torque control, combined with the adaptive principle of model reference, the speed estimation link is designed in this paper. In this paper, the sliding mode variable structure control theory is used to optimize the control system. According to the sliding mode variable structure control theory, the flux chain sliding mode controller and the torque sliding mode controller are designed. Instead of the Pi regulator in the original SVPWM module, the reference voltage is generated. At the same time, the stator flux linkage sliding mode observer is designed. The stability of variable structure controller and observer is verified by using Lyapunov stability principle. It overcomes the influence of motor parameter change and external disturbance during the actual operation of the system, and effectively enhances the robustness of the system. The simulation model of the control system is established in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results are compared and analyzed. It is proved that the stator flux locus and the torque ripple of the motor are obviously improved after the improvement of the direct torque control system, and the accurate estimation of the motor speed is also realized. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the optimized scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U469.7

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