本文關(guān)鍵詞： 行人下肢 年齡 汽車(chē)-行人碰撞 有限元模型 長(zhǎng)骨骨折　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：行人直接暴露在交通環(huán)境中,是道路交通使用者中的弱勢(shì)群體,而行人下肢是最易受到傷害和致殘的部位之一。隨著人口老年化的增長(zhǎng),老年人在交通事故中的比例逐年增加。然而,相對(duì)于50百分位成人,老年人在汽車(chē)碰撞事故中更易受到重傷和死亡。但是現(xiàn)有的行人保護(hù)法規(guī)和人體有限元模型等并沒(méi)有考慮到年齡多樣性的差別。因此,本文在文獻(xiàn)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)兩種代表年齡下肢有限元模型的建模方法以及損傷機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究。本文首先研究并總結(jié)了年齡對(duì)骨骼、韌帶等生物材料力學(xué)性能以及長(zhǎng)骨幾何結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)GHBMC下肢有限元模型進(jìn)行改進(jìn),包括模型的材料參數(shù)的調(diào)整,以及運(yùn)用網(wǎng)格變形技術(shù)對(duì)股骨、脛骨的網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了縮放,從而建立了具有年齡特征的行人下肢有限元模型。然后根據(jù)生物力學(xué)試驗(yàn),對(duì)下肢有限元模型進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)骨三點(diǎn)彎曲、膝關(guān)節(jié)四點(diǎn)彎曲、整體下肢彎曲和剪切等驗(yàn)證仿真試驗(yàn),從部件到組件驗(yàn)證了模型的有效性。最后,利用該模型對(duì)一例帶有下肢損傷的車(chē)-行人事故案例進(jìn)行了損傷重建,在重建的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)比了兩種年齡下肢模型的損傷情況。研究結(jié)果表明,隨著成人年齡的增長(zhǎng)骨骼的強(qiáng)度逐漸下降,股骨和脛骨的耐受限度都呈現(xiàn)減小的趨勢(shì),80歲老年人股骨和脛骨的耐受限度分別只有30歲年輕人的68.8%和74.1%。將年齡因素的影響納入下肢有限元模型的建模,將進(jìn)一步提高模型的生物逼真度。通過(guò)損傷重建表明,老年人下肢在事故中長(zhǎng)骨骨折的損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比年輕人高,老年人股骨骨折時(shí)的von Mises等效應(yīng)力為100MPa,而年輕人骨折時(shí)的von Mises等效應(yīng)力約為129MPa。老年人脛骨和腓骨骨折時(shí)的von Mises等效應(yīng)力約為114MPa,而年輕人脛腓骨沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)骨折現(xiàn)象,表明模型對(duì)不同年齡行人的下肢損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有一定的預(yù)測(cè)能力。本研究構(gòu)建了具有詳細(xì)解剖學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種年齡行人下肢模型,并利用模型進(jìn)行了下肢損傷機(jī)理的對(duì)比研究,仿真計(jì)算的結(jié)果可作為研究不同年齡下肢損傷耐受限度的理論參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Pedestrians are directly exposed to the traffic environment, and they are a vulnerable group among road traffic users, and the lower limbs of pedestrians are one of the most vulnerable and maimed parts. The proportion of older people in traffic accidents increases year by year. However, compared with adults in the 50th percentile, The elderly are more vulnerable to serious injury and death in car crash accidents. However, the existing pedestrian protection laws and human finite element models do not take into account the difference of age diversity. In this paper, the effects of age on biomechanical properties of bone and ligaments and geometric structure of long bones are studied and summarized. On this basis, the GHBMC lower limb finite element model is improved, including the adjustment of the material parameters of the model, and the use of mesh deformation technology to scale the femur and tibia network. According to the biomechanical test, the finite element model of the lower limb is verified by three point bending of the long bone, four point bending of the knee joint, the bending of the whole lower limb and the shear of the whole lower extremity. The validity of the model is verified from component to component. Finally, the model is used to reconstruct a vehicle-pedestrian accident case with lower limb injury. On the basis of reconstruction, the injuries of two kinds of age lower limb models were compared. The results showed that the strength of bone decreased gradually with the increase of adult age. The tolerance limits of femur and tibia were decreased. The tolerance limits of femur and tibia in 80 year old people were only 68.8% and 74.1 of those of 30 years old, respectively. The influence of age factors was incorporated into the modeling of lower extremity finite element model. The biological fidelity of the model will be further improved. Injury reconstruction shows that older people have a higher risk of injury to long bone fractures in the lower extremities than young people. The von Mises equivalent stress of femoral fractures in the elderly was 100 MPA, and the equivalent stress of von Mises in the young was about 129 MPA. The equivalent stress of von Mises in the elderly with tibia and fibula fractures was about 114 MPA, but there was no fracture in the tibia and fibula in the young. The results show that the model can predict the lower limb injury risk of pedestrians of different ages. In this study, two kinds of lower extremity models with detailed anatomical structure were constructed, and the mechanism of lower extremity injury was compared by using the model. The simulation results can be used as a theoretical reference for studying the limits of lower limb injury tolerance at different ages.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U467.14

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