本文關鍵詞： 校車座椅 抗撞性 靈敏度 結(jié)構優(yōu)化　出處：《吉林大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著中國經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,人民物質(zhì)生活的不斷提高,對生命安全性的重視程度也越來越高,特別是面對校車交通事故。2012年5月,國家重新修訂的標準GB24406-2012《專用校車學生座椅系統(tǒng)及其車輛固定件的強度》,對在靜態(tài)沖擊下學生座椅系統(tǒng)及其車輛固定件的強度提出要求,而且首次采用了帶假人的動態(tài)沖擊臺車試驗模擬實車碰撞,對假人傷害提出了要求,以考察座椅對乘員學生的保護作用。校車學生座椅F01開發(fā)時,GB24406-2012還沒有頒布,故只沿用現(xiàn)有成人客車乘客座椅的結(jié)構形式,學生特別是小學生,并不是成人身體簡單的縮小,其身材比例與成人有一定的差異,比如兒童的頭部偏大偏重,并且兒童相對成人抵抗外力的能力弱。因此這種仿成人座椅結(jié)構形式的學生座椅,按法規(guī)進行試驗,動靜態(tài)試驗均不能滿足新法規(guī)要求,因此急迫需要設計出一款全面滿足新法規(guī)的校車學生座椅。本文首先對國外某校車座椅進行了對標、試驗、建模、仿真。首先按法規(guī)方法進行動靜態(tài)試驗,然后對標外形、材料、結(jié)構等,為正向設計校車學生座椅提供參考。接著對仿真模型的有效性進行驗證,其實仿真模型很難做到與實際狀態(tài)相吻合,所以我們認為仿真模型和試驗誤差在10%以內(nèi)就可以認為模型是有效的。接著就校車座椅設計參數(shù)對碰撞過程中有安全帶和無安全帶工況下兒童乘員和女性乘員的頭部傷害和胸部傷害的影響情況,進行總結(jié),最終形成靈敏度統(tǒng)計表,以便以后指導校車座椅設計研究和結(jié)構優(yōu)化。同時對于試驗過程中的傷害模式,即頭部傷害及胸部傷害進行了分析。本文重點是設計一款全面滿足法規(guī)的座椅,對標某國外校車座椅正向設計一款校車座椅,建立三維模型,仿真實驗結(jié)果表明動靜態(tài)試驗均不能滿足法規(guī)規(guī)定。本文的難點是優(yōu)化校車座椅F01初始結(jié)構,使其全面滿足法規(guī)規(guī)定。通過仿真動畫及位移曲線,對標某國外校車座椅試驗動畫及位移曲線,分析校車座椅F01骨架結(jié)構問題,提出改進方案,同時對不同硬度泡沫對假人傷害的影響程度進行了初步探索選擇,最終確定改進結(jié)構方案。動靜態(tài)仿真其結(jié)構全面滿足法規(guī)要求。目前,該校車座椅已經(jīng)量產(chǎn),投放市場。通過校車座椅的建模及仿真分析,大大降低了重復試驗及設計,提高了設計效率。文中的設計仿真方案是基于校車新標準的各項要求制定,具有普遍的實用性,其他類型校車座椅或者成人乘客座椅也可以借鑒,具有一定的實際應用價值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Chinese economy and the continuous improvement of people's material life, the importance of life safety is increasing, especially in the face of school bus traffic accident. May 2012. National revised standard GB24406-2012 "strength of student seat system and its vehicle fasteners for special school bus". The requirements for the strength of the student seat system and its vehicle fixtures under static impact are put forward, and the dynamic impact test with dummy is used to simulate the real vehicle collision for the first time, and the requirement for the damage of dummy is put forward. In order to investigate the protective effect of seats on passengers and students. When the school bus student seat F01 was developed, GB24406-2012 has not been promulgated, so it only follows the existing structure of adult passenger seat. Students, especially primary school students, is not the simple reduction of adult body, the proportion of their figure and adults have a certain difference, such as children's head is too heavy. And the ability of children to resist external force is relatively weak. Therefore, this kind of adult seat structure of student seats, according to the laws of the test, dynamic and static tests can not meet the requirements of the new regulations. Therefore, it is urgent to design a school bus student seat that fully meets the new regulations. Firstly, this paper carries out dynamic and static tests on a school bus seat in foreign countries, including calibration, test, modeling and simulation. First, the static and dynamic tests are carried out according to the laws and regulations. Then the standard shape, material, structure and so on, to provide a reference for the forward design of the school bus student seat. Then the validity of the simulation model is verified, in fact, the simulation model is difficult to match with the actual state. So we think that the simulation model and the test error within 10% can be considered as valid. Then, according to the design parameters of the school bus seat seat, there is seat belt and no seat belt condition for child and female passengers during the collision. The effects of head injuries and chest injuries. In order to guide the research of school bus seat design and structure optimization, the sensitivity statistical table will be formed. At the same time, the damage mode in the process of test will be given. That is head injury and chest injury are analyzed. This paper focuses on the design of a comprehensive compliance with the laws of the seat of a foreign school bus seat forward design a school bus seat to establish a three-dimensional model. The simulation results show that the dynamic and static tests can not meet the requirements of the regulations. The difficulty of this paper is to optimize the initial structure of school bus seat F01 so that it can fully meet the regulations. Based on the animation and displacement curve of a foreign school bus seat test, the frame structure of school bus seat F01 is analyzed, and the improvement scheme is put forward. At the same time, the influence degree of different hardness foam on the damage of dummy is preliminarily explored and selected, and the improved structure scheme is finally determined. The dynamic and static simulation of its structure fully meets the requirements of the regulations. At present, the car seat of the school has been produced in bulk. Put into the market. Through the school bus seat modeling and simulation analysis, greatly reduce the repeated test and design, improve the design efficiency. The design simulation scheme in this paper is based on the requirements of the new school bus standards. It has universal practicability, other kinds of school bus seats or adult passenger seats can also be used for reference, which has certain practical application value.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U463.836

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