【摘要】：礦區(qū)開采沉陷不同于其他地表形變,具有地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜、地理環(huán)境特殊、沉降快速、劇烈的特點。近年來InSAR技術(shù)雖然在城市地表形變、地震、冰川移動等領(lǐng)域取得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,然而受到技術(shù)本身原理的限制,其在諸如礦區(qū)開采沉陷等大梯度形變區(qū)域的應(yīng)用效果不如人意。因此,本文致力于以SAR領(lǐng)域的Offset-tracking技術(shù)為核心,通過若干改進(jìn)以及在技術(shù)原理層面與傳統(tǒng)D-InSAR技術(shù)結(jié)合,提高SAR技術(shù)在礦區(qū)大梯度形變的監(jiān)測能力和精度。論文主要工作內(nèi)容如下:(1)總結(jié)分析了SAR技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀和理論原理,分別介紹了D-InSAR技術(shù)、SBAS技術(shù)、Offset-tracking技術(shù)以及開采沉陷參數(shù)反演的研究現(xiàn)狀,并指出了以上幾種技術(shù)方法的優(yōu)勢與不足。同時介紹了D-InSAR差分干涉測量技術(shù)以及Offset-tracking偏移量追蹤技術(shù)的基本原理,并分析了傳統(tǒng)差分干涉測量技術(shù)監(jiān)測能力的局限性。(2)在對Offset-tracking技術(shù)的誤差模型分析的基礎(chǔ)上,采用基于查詢列表的配準(zhǔn)方法提高配準(zhǔn)精度,然后通過二次曲面擬合的方式對該技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)誤差進(jìn)行整體去除,改進(jìn)了偏移量追蹤技術(shù)處理方法。改進(jìn)方法在一定程度上減弱了Offset-tracking技術(shù)中相關(guān)誤差帶來的影響,為后續(xù)進(jìn)一步的時序處理提供了精度保障。(3)鑒于傳統(tǒng)D-InSAR方法在監(jiān)測微小形變方面的優(yōu)勢以及Offset-tracking技術(shù)在大梯度形變監(jiān)測中強(qiáng)大的探測能力,采用由D-InSAR技術(shù)的到的形變相位主值疊加由Offset-tracking技術(shù)得到的形變相位整周數(shù)得到最終的形變相位,構(gòu)建了基于相位融合的時序偏移量追蹤技術(shù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上采用SBAS小基線集策略進(jìn)行時序解算,以減小時空基線帶來的誤差。(4)在SAR技術(shù)監(jiān)測礦區(qū)沉降值的基礎(chǔ)上,首先提取了地表下沉盆地的角量值以及主要影響半徑等一系列礦區(qū)沉陷參數(shù),并根據(jù)經(jīng)驗公式計算得到開采工作面的概率積分預(yù)計參數(shù)。進(jìn)而結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)礦山開采沉陷理論并加入數(shù)學(xué)方法,進(jìn)行礦區(qū)開采沉陷參數(shù)反演及預(yù)計,保障了開采沉陷實時預(yù)測精度,為礦區(qū)開采沉陷實時預(yù)測提供了技術(shù)方法。
[Abstract]:Mining subsidence in mining area is different from other surface deformation, which has the characteristics of complex geological conditions, special geographical environment, rapid settlement and intense settlement. In recent years, InSAR technology has been widely used in urban surface deformation, earthquake, glacier movement and other fields, but it is limited by the principle of the technology itself. Its application effect in large gradient deformation areas such as mining subsidence is not satisfactory. Therefore, this paper is devoted to taking the Offset-tracking technology in the field of SAR as the core, through some improvements and combining with the traditional D-InSAR technology in the technical principle level, to improve the monitoring ability and accuracy of SAR technology in mining area. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the research status and theoretical principle of SAR technology are summarized and analyzed, and the research status of D-InSAR technology, SBAS technology, Offset-tracking technology and mining subsidence parameter inversion are introduced respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of the above technical methods are pointed out. At the same time, the basic principle of D-InSAR differential interferometric measurement technology and Offset-tracking offset tracking technology is introduced. The limitations of the monitoring ability of the traditional differential interferometric technology are analyzed. (2) based on the analysis of the error model of Offset-tracking technology, the registration method based on query list is used to improve the registration accuracy. Then the systematic error of the technique is removed by Quadric surface fitting, and the processing method of offset tracking technology is improved. To a certain extent, the improved method weakens the influence of related errors in Offset-tracking technology. It provides precision guarantee for further time series processing. (3) in view of the advantages of traditional D-InSAR method in monitoring small deformation and the strong detection ability of Offset-tracking technology in large gradient deformation monitoring, The final deformation phase is obtained by using the principal value superposition of deformation phase obtained by D-InSAR technique and the whole cycle number of deformation phase obtained by Offset-tracking technique, and the timing offset tracking technology based on phase fusion is constructed. On this basis, the SBAS small baseline set strategy is used to solve the time series in order to reduce the error caused by the temporal and spatial baseline. (4) on the basis of monitoring the settlement value of the mining area by SAR technology, Firstly, a series of mining subsidence parameters, such as the angle value and the main influence radius of the surface subsidence basin, are extracted, and the probability integral prediction parameters of the mining face are calculated according to the empirical formula. Furthermore, combined with the traditional mining subsidence theory and adding mathematical methods, the inversion and prediction of mining subsidence parameters are carried out, which ensures the accuracy of real-time prediction of mining subsidence and provides a technical method for real-time prediction of mining subsidence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD325.4

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