【摘要】：包頭尾礦中的稀土元素在雨水淋洗和滲流作用下會溶解浸出并進入地表及地下水體系中,然后發(fā)生遷移,對周圍環(huán)境造成極大的危害,進而影響到人類的健康。因此定量分析尾礦庫區(qū)污染物在環(huán)境中的吸附和遷移特征,預測不同地址環(huán)境下污染物的遷移過程,對進行污染物防治的規(guī)劃、設計、施工、尾礦壩的正常運行、保護周邊環(huán)境具有十分重要的意義。本文采用包頭尾礦庫周邊土壤作為吸附介質(zhì),首先以靜態(tài)吸附法研究了尾礦庫區(qū)土壤對La3+的吸附,明確了包頭尾礦庫區(qū)土壤對La3+的吸附特征及腐殖酸、溫度、pH和共存陽離子對La3+吸附的影響；其次采用脈沖注射模擬土壤柱遷移實驗研究了土壤對La3+的動態(tài)吸附和遷移,明確了La3+的濃度、淋洗液pH值、溶液共存離子及腐殖酸膠體對遷移的影響。主要研究結果如下：1、土壤對La3+的靜態(tài)吸附試驗表明：該地區(qū)土壤對稀土元素的等溫吸附過程用Freundlich吸附方程描述最佳,該吸附屬于非均相吸附；吸附動力學符合準二級動力學方程,線性相關系數(shù)在0.9998以上；當pH小于4時,吸附作用隨溶液pH的增大而迅速增大,當pH大于4時,吸附作用隨溶液pH值增加的趨勢減緩；吸附量隨溫度升高而增大,說明土壤對稀土元素的吸附是一個吸熱過程；吸附過程也受到共存陽離子的影響,共存陽離子會抑制土壤對La3+吸附,影響結果為：Ca2+Fe3+Na+;腐殖酸可以促進土壤在不同影響因素下對鑭離子的吸附。由于不同腐殖酸內(nèi)部所含的酸性基團大小及芳香度不同,所以對鑭離子吸附的促進程度不同。2、土壤對La3+的動態(tài)遷移實驗結果表明：不同注射濃度的BTC曲線均在130s上達到最高峰。注射濃度為260μg/ml時具有相對較好對稱性；該地區(qū)土壤的有效孔隙度為0.64,滯留因子Rd=0.1985；分配系數(shù)Kd=0.1794m L.g-1；pH=4-7穿透總時間較pH=8、9短,說明酸性條件下可以促進La3+在尾礦土壤中的遷移；Na+對La3+的遷移影響是先增大后減小,然后保持不變,在150μg/ml處取得最大；Ca2+濃度對La3+的遷移影響是隨著鈣離子濃度增大程直線上升趨勢；HA的存在可促進La3+在土壤柱中的遷移。
[Abstract]:The rare earth elements in Baotou tailings will be dissolved and leached into the surface and groundwater system under the action of Rain Water leaching and seepage, and then migrated, which will cause great harm to the surrounding environment and affect human health. Therefore, quantitative analysis of the adsorption and migration characteristics of pollutants in the tailings reservoir area, prediction of pollutant migration process in different address environments, planning, design, construction and normal operation of tailings dam are carried out. It is of great significance to protect the surrounding environment. In this paper, the soil around Baotou tailings reservoir was used as the adsorption medium. Firstly, the adsorption of La3 on the soil was studied by static adsorption method, and the adsorption characteristics of La3 and humic acid in the soil of Baotou tailing reservoir were determined. The effects of temperature, pH and co-existing cations on the adsorption of La3 were studied. Secondly, the dynamic adsorption and migration of La3 to soil were studied by means of pulse-injection simulated soil column migration experiments. The concentration of La3 and the value of pH in leaching solution were determined. Effects of solution coexisting ions and humic acid colloid on migration. The main results are as follows: 1. The static adsorption experiment of La3 on soil shows that the isothermal adsorption process of rare earth elements in this area is best described by Freundlich adsorption equation, and the adsorption belongs to heterogeneous adsorption. The adsorption kinetics accords with the quasi-second-order kinetic equation, the linear correlation coefficient is more than 0.9998, when pH is less than 4, the adsorption increases rapidly with the increase of pH, and when pH is greater than 4, the adsorption decreases with the increase of pH value. The adsorption amount increased with the increase of temperature, indicating that the adsorption of rare earth elements in soil was an endothermic process, and the adsorption process was also affected by coexisting cations, which inhibited the adsorption of La3 to soil, and the result was Ca 2 / Fe3 Na. Humic acid can promote the adsorption of lanthanum ions in soil under different influence factors. Because of the different acidity group size and aromaticity in different humic acid, the promotion degree of lanthanum ion adsorption was different. The dynamic migration experiment of soil to La3 showed that the BTC curve of different injection concentration reached its peak at 130s. When the injection concentration was 260 渭 g/ml, the effective porosity of soil in this area was 0.64, and the Rd=0.1985; partition coefficient of Rd=0.1985; was shorter than that of pH=8,9, which indicated that the transport of La3 in tailings soil could be promoted under acidic conditions. The effect of Na on La3 migration was first increased and then decreased, and then remained unchanged. The effect of maximum Ca 2 concentration on La3 migration at 150 渭 g/ml was that the existence of HA could promote the migration of La3 in soil column with the increase of Ca 2 + concentration in a straight line.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X753

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