本文選題：巷道 + 穩(wěn)定性��； 參考：《安徽建筑大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：巷道的穩(wěn)定性主要與頂板離層有關,而頂板離層分為兩類,分別為塑性離層和層間離層。兩類離層發(fā)生的機理不同,且應對這兩類離層所采區(qū)的支護特點也有區(qū)別。但工程中并不區(qū)分兩種離層,直接以頂板總離層值作為巷道穩(wěn)定性的判別標準,給生產安全帶來嚴重隱患。所以研究頂板離層特點,從總離層中分離出塑性離層與層間離層,將對工程實踐具有現(xiàn)實意義。本文以口孜東礦11-2煤采區(qū)行人上山為工程背景,從以下幾個方面對頂板離層進行了研究:首先通過現(xiàn)場取頂板巖芯,進行實驗室實驗,測定11-2煤頂板巖石力學參數(shù),并初步判斷頂板巖層構成及其穩(wěn)定性。其次以工程實況為模型,采用ANSYS軟件對頂板受力情況進行數(shù)值模擬,研究巷道頂板應力分布特征,并針對法向拉應力出現(xiàn)位置,對工程實測過程中的測點布置環(huán)節(jié)進行分析,提出測點優(yōu)化方案。然后系統(tǒng)分析了塑性離層與層間離層的變形特征,并以此為基礎得出兩種離層的分離方法。最后采用多點位移計、頂板離層儀等儀器對11-2煤采區(qū)進行工程實測,收集實測離層數(shù)據(jù)后將頂板總離層分離為塑性離層和層間離層,并將總離層與分離后的離層通過列表進行對比分析。得到的主要結論如下:1、口孜東礦11-2煤采區(qū)巷道頂板屬于典型的復合頂板,頂板巖體的完整度和力學性質都較差,結構面多且含有軟弱夾層,因此頂板穩(wěn)定性低,支護難度較大。2、頂板上方巖層間的法向拉應力是引起頂板離層的主要原因,法向拉應力一般出現(xiàn)在巖體結構面處,尤其是軟弱夾層部位其法向拉應力分布范圍最廣且數(shù)值最大。在各巖層之間,垂直于巷道中心位置的拉應力值最大,隨著向巷道兩幫移動,拉應力遞減。3、工程實測中的測點位置選取對離層分析的準確性影響較大,結合頂板拉應力分布特征,得出進行測點布置時,應首先對頂板巖性進行觀測,了解巖層大致分布后將測點優(yōu)先布置在頂板上方軟弱夾層附近,其次是各個結構面處。4、在頂板變形初期,塑性離層發(fā)展較快,同時其變形速度衰減也快;層間離層在巷道開采初期,形變量較小,但是其變形速度衰減較慢,變形持續(xù)時間較長。以此為依據(jù),忽略變形初期0-30d內的頂板層間離層,以實測頂板總離層減去前30d的離層量作為頂板層間離層值;將0-30d內實測的頂板總離層作為塑性離層值。5、通過對口孜東礦11-2煤頂板離層分離,得出了在一般地質條件下,層間離層值較小,頂板總離層與分離后的層間離層數(shù)值相差較大,頂板變形主要以塑性離層為主。在頂板軟弱夾層以及結構面密集的位置,因法向拉應力較大,頂板變形主要呈現(xiàn)為層間離層。本文的研究成果可為巷道頂板離層臨界值的確定以及巷道支護方案的選取提供技術參考。
[Abstract]:The stability of roadway is mainly related to the roof layer, and the roof layer is divided into two categories: plastic layer and interlayer layer. The mechanism of the two types of separation strata is different, and the supporting characteristics of the two types of separation strata are also different. However, there is no distinction between the two kinds of layers in the engineering, and the total roof separation value is taken directly as the criterion for judging the stability of roadway, which brings serious hidden trouble to the safety of production. Therefore, it is of practical significance for engineering practice to study the characteristics of roof layer separation and to separate plastic and interlayer layers from the total separation layer. In this paper, based on the engineering background of walking up the mountain of 11-2 coal mining area in Kou Zidong Coal Mine, the roof dissociation layer is studied from the following aspects: firstly, the rock mechanics parameters of 11-2 coal roof are measured by taking the roof core in the field, carrying out laboratory experiments, and measuring the rock mechanics parameters of the 11-2 coal roof. The composition and stability of roof strata are preliminarily judged. Secondly, the stress distribution characteristics of roadway roof are studied by using ANSYS software, which is based on the model of actual engineering, and the location of normal tensile stress is analyzed, and the layout of measuring points in the process of engineering measurement is analyzed. The optimization scheme of measuring point is put forward. Then, the deformation characteristics of plastic and interlaminar layers are analyzed systematically, and two separation methods are obtained. Finally, the data of 11-2 coal mining area are measured by means of multi-point displacement meter and roof layer separator, and the total roof layer is separated into plastic layer and interlayer layer after collecting the measured data. The total dissociation layer is compared with the separated layer through the list. The main conclusions are as follows: the roof of roadway in 11-2 coal mining area is typical composite roof, the integrity and mechanical properties of roof rock mass are poor, the structure plane is many and contains weak intercalation, so the roof stability is low. The normal tensile stress between the strata above the roof is the main cause of the roof separation. The normal tensile stress generally appears in the rock mass structure plane, especially in the weak intercalation. The normal tensile stress distribution range is the most extensive and the value is the largest. The tensile stress perpendicular to the center of the roadway is the largest among the rock layers, and the tensile stress decreases with moving to the two sides of the roadway. The selection of the location of the measured points in the engineering field has a great influence on the accuracy of the analysis of the separation layer. According to the characteristics of tensile stress distribution of roof, it is concluded that when the measuring points are arranged, the lithology of the roof should be observed first, and then the measuring points should be preferentially arranged near the weak intercalation above the roof after the understanding of the general distribution of the strata. Secondly, at the beginning of roof deformation, plastic dissociation develops faster and its deformation rate decays rapidly, and the deformation of interlayer is smaller at the early mining stage of roadway, but its deformation rate attenuates slowly in the early stage of roadway mining. The deformation lasted longer. On the basis of this, the amount of the total roof separation layer minus the former 30 days is taken as the value of the layer separation between the top layer and the roof layer, which is ignored in the initial deformation period of 0-30 days. Taking the total roof dissociation layer measured within 0-30 days as the plastic dissociation layer value .5, through the separation of 11-2 coal roof separation layer in Zidong Coal Mine, it is concluded that under general geological conditions, the value of interlayer separation layer is smaller, and the difference between the total roof separation layer and the separated layer separation layer value is large. The main deformation of roof is plastic dissociation. In the position of weak intercalation of roof and dense structure plane, the deformation of roof is mainly interlaminar because of the large normal tensile stress. The research results in this paper can provide technical reference for the determination of the critical value of roadway roof separation and the selection of roadway support scheme.
【學位授予單位】：安徽建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD322.4

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本文編號：2116725