本文選題：膠磷礦 + 鉀長(zhǎng)石��； 參考：《武漢工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：磷、鉀作是植物生長(zhǎng)必需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素,對(duì)農(nóng)作物的生命代謝起著十分重要的作用。我國(guó)多氮少磷缺鉀的現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,使化肥工業(yè)受到資源限制,極大制約了我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。同時(shí),我國(guó)磷礦大多是中低品位磷礦或共生礦,開發(fā)利用上存在較大的技術(shù)難題。我國(guó)儲(chǔ)有大量的中低品位磷礦和難溶性鉀礦,大力開發(fā)和利用這些資源是促進(jìn)我國(guó)化肥工業(yè)發(fā)展的必由之路。宜昌地區(qū)擁有豐富的含鉀磷礦,此含鉀磷礦具有磷鉀伴隨而生的特性,磷、鉀資源可進(jìn)行綜合回收,具有較大的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。經(jīng)濟(jì)合理地開發(fā)利用這一資源,對(duì)我國(guó)含鉀磷礦的綜合利用具有重要的意義。本文首先對(duì)宜昌地區(qū)含鉀中低品位磷礦的礦物組成、形貌、粒度及嵌布特征進(jìn)行了研究,而后基于礦石特性,進(jìn)行了浮選研究。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)此含鉀中低品位磷礦石中主要有用礦物為膠磷礦、鉀長(zhǎng)石,脈石礦物為石英、白云石及黃鐵礦。其中有用組分P2O5含量為20.92%,K_2O含量為4.59%。礦石中膠磷礦為隱晶質(zhì)集合體呈紋層狀分布;長(zhǎng)石多呈不規(guī)則粒狀結(jié)構(gòu),部分為板狀晶體形態(tài),大部分次生成絹云母呈微細(xì)鱗片狀結(jié)構(gòu);石英呈不規(guī)則粒狀結(jié)構(gòu)零散分布。(2)在磨礦細(xì)度-0.074 mm 93.64%,藥劑用量為碳酸鈉6 kg/t、水玻璃3 kg/t、TSM-46 1.8 kg/t,浮選時(shí)間5 min,浮選溫度20±1℃時(shí),經(jīng)過一次粗選,P2O5品位由20.92%提升至27.72%。通過精選、掃選實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步富集磷、鉀后,得到精礦P2O5品位31.84%、P2O5回收率70.53%,尾礦K_2O品位9.53%、K_2O回收率52.80%的選礦指標(biāo)。(3)對(duì)原礦及浮選后的礦樣進(jìn)行粒度篩析,發(fā)現(xiàn)在相同的浮選工藝參數(shù)下,浮選后的磷精礦和鉀精礦中,礦物粒級(jí)越細(xì),浮選回收率越高;不同粒級(jí)礦物的磷精礦、鉀精礦與原礦的回收率無明顯差異。對(duì)比粗粒級(jí)物料和細(xì)粒級(jí)物料的磷精礦、鉀精礦品位發(fā)現(xiàn),分選效果隨著物料粒級(jí)的增大而變差。(4)以單礦物浮選實(shí)驗(yàn)為依據(jù),對(duì)浮磷后的K_2O品位為9.41%的鉀精礦(即磷尾礦)進(jìn)行浮選實(shí)驗(yàn),在pH值約為2,十二胺濃度為3×10-4 mol/L時(shí)K_2O品位提升至10.94%,游離的石英降至4.76%;pH值約為8,N-十二烷基-1,3-丙二胺濃度為4×10-4mol/L時(shí)K_2O品位提升至10.53%,游離的石英降至2.57%。兩種捕收劑基本能除去鉀精礦中的石英。(5)經(jīng)分析,造成脫硅實(shí)驗(yàn)后精礦中K_2O回收率較低、尾礦中K_2O品位較高的原因可能有如下三點(diǎn):第一,由于胺類捕收劑主要以靜電力作用于礦物表面,而長(zhǎng)石石英表面電荷機(jī)理基本相同,僅靠物理吸附為主的胺類捕收劑,可能會(huì)因缺乏選擇性而分離效果較差;第二,實(shí)際入選礦物中含大量泥質(zhì)及鐵質(zhì)雜質(zhì),長(zhǎng)石大多被絹云母交代,而強(qiáng)酸性條件下會(huì)優(yōu)先浮選出云母,因此造成精礦中雜質(zhì)較多而K_2O含量低;第三,實(shí)際入選礦物中細(xì)粒級(jí)長(zhǎng)石含量較多,而細(xì)粒級(jí)長(zhǎng)石會(huì)吸附在粗粒級(jí)石英表面,使浮選尾礦中含有細(xì)粒級(jí)長(zhǎng)石,造成尾礦中K_2O含量較高。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus and potassium are essential nutrients for plant growth and play an important role in crop life and metabolism. The phenomenon of nitrogen, low phosphorus and potassium deficiency is serious in China, which limits the chemical fertilizer industry and restricts the development of agriculture in China. At the same time, the phosphate rock in China is mostly low grade phosphate ore or cogeneration ore, so there are some technical problems in exploitation and utilization. There are a large number of low and medium grade phosphate ores and insoluble potassium ores in China. It is the only way to promote the development of chemical fertilizer industry in China to develop and utilize these resources vigorously. In Yichang area, there are abundant potassium bearing phosphate rock, which has the characteristics of phosphorus and potassium accompanying, phosphorus and potassium resources can be comprehensively recovered, which has a great economic advantage. Developing and utilizing this resource economically and reasonably is of great significance to the comprehensive utilization of potash-bearing phosphate ore in China. In this paper, the mineral composition, morphology, granularity and inlay characteristics of medium and low grade phosphate rock containing potassium in Yichang area were studied firstly, and then flotation was carried out based on the ore characteristics. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the main useful minerals in the medium and low grade potassium bearing phosphate rock are galactophosphate, potassium feldspar, gangue mineral quartz, dolomite and pyrite. The content of useful component P2O5 is 20.92 and the content of K2O is 4.59. In the ore, the colloidal phosphate rock is a cryptocrystalline aggregate with lamellar distribution, the feldspar is mostly of irregular granular structure, some of them are plate-shaped crystals, and most of the secondary sericite is of fine scale structure. When the grinding fineness is 0.074 mm 93.64 mm, the dosage of sodium carbonate is 6 kg / t, the dosage of sodium silicate is 3 kg / t, the floatation time is 5 min, the flotation temperature is 20 鹵1 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1944368