本文選題：老采空區(qū) + 綜合地球物理勘探　； 參考：《安徽大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,煤礦采空區(qū)的探測與研究是地球物理勘探研究的熱點,也是煤礦安全生產(chǎn)和礦區(qū)環(huán)境綜合治理的保障。針對基礎地質(zhì)資料的缺乏,重復采動條件下老采空區(qū)的復雜性和無規(guī)律性的特點,國內(nèi)外目前還沒有形成成熟的理論體系,因此開展綜合地球物理探測在復雜采空區(qū)應用與研究以及對礦區(qū)環(huán)境綜合治理有著重要意義。本文在國內(nèi)外煤礦采空區(qū)探測現(xiàn)狀與理論研究的基礎上,收集大量基礎資料,總結(jié)理論方法,研究分析了老采空區(qū)形成的原因及特征。以大通采煤采空區(qū)地質(zhì)穩(wěn)定性評價為目的,對研究區(qū)進行了室外實地調(diào)研、綜合地球物理勘探、淺層鉆探、地表土壤養(yǎng)分評價,室內(nèi)借助實驗分析,從多角度對老采空區(qū)進行分析與研究,得到了以下幾個方面的認識：(1)受小煤窯后期重復擾動的影響,老采空區(qū)發(fā)生活化,上覆巖體易發(fā)生破碎塌落以及地表二次移動變形,使該區(qū)域地質(zhì)穩(wěn)定性降低以及地表沉陷,而原有巖層的完整性與連續(xù)性被破壞導致的地球物理特征的變化又是綜合地球物理勘探的理論前提。(2)通過工程實例,發(fā)現(xiàn)以瞬變電磁法與并行網(wǎng)絡電法電法測線布設相互補充,淺層二維地震對探測結(jié)輔以驗證的綜合物探方法對老采空探測取得了滿意的結(jié)果。(3)綜合地球物理探測結(jié)果表明,研究區(qū)視電阻率分布在不同測線剖面的垂直和水平方向上都有顯著差異。垂直方向上,150m以淺區(qū)域高阻區(qū)相對集中,而深部區(qū)域高阻區(qū)分布不連續(xù)且阻值低于淺部,呈高低阻交錯的形態(tài)；水平方向上,高阻區(qū)主要分布在研究區(qū)中東部。二維地震勘探反射波剖面顯示的異常區(qū)域與電法、瞬變電磁法探測一致。三種物探方法相互印證,優(yōu)勢互補,提高了探測成果的可靠性。在成果解釋過程中采取以瞬變電磁法和并行電阻法反演成果為主,二維地震勘測結(jié)果為輔的綜合解釋模式,為類似采空區(qū)探測提供借鑒。(4)對研究區(qū)第四系黏土層研究表明,黏土層為微-極微透水性土層,且厚度穩(wěn)定,可有效阻隔地表水對地下水的補給,為沉陷區(qū)濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建提供有力條件。研究區(qū)表層土壤養(yǎng)分評價表明,采空區(qū)塌陷造成地表沉陷引發(fā)的水土流失加劇是造成研究區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分空間差異的主要原因,土壤養(yǎng)分東高西低,與地表沉陷有一定的空間相關性,通過地表土壤養(yǎng)分評價也可間接反映地質(zhì)穩(wěn)定性狀況。(5)地質(zhì)穩(wěn)定性綜合評價結(jié)果表明,由于小煤窯的重復擾動影響,研究區(qū)中部、東部老采空區(qū)易發(fā)生活化,屬于塌陷不穩(wěn)定區(qū)；其余未受小煤窯采動影響的部分,經(jīng)過長時間的殘余沉降以及上覆巖層的壓密,老采空區(qū)基本穩(wěn)定,屬于塌陷穩(wěn)定區(qū)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the exploration and research of goaf in coal mine is a hot spot in geophysical exploration, and it is also the guarantee of safe production in coal mine and comprehensive management of mining area environment. In view of the lack of basic geological data, the complexity and irregularity of the old goaf under repeated mining conditions, no mature theoretical system has been formed at home and abroad. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out comprehensive geophysical exploration in complex goaf and to improve the environment of mining area. Based on the present situation and theoretical research of goaf detection in coal mines at home and abroad, this paper collects a large number of basic data, summarizes the theoretical methods, and studies and analyzes the causes and characteristics of the formation of the old goaf. In order to evaluate the geological stability of Datong coal mining goaf, outdoor field investigation, comprehensive geophysical exploration, shallow drilling, surface soil nutrient evaluation and laboratory analysis were carried out in the study area. Based on the analysis and study of the old goaf from many angles, it is concluded that the following several aspects are known: 1) affected by repeated disturbance in the late stage of small coal mine, the old goaf is activated, the overlying rock is prone to collapse and collapse, and the secondary movement deformation of the surface occurs. The change of geophysical characteristics caused by the destruction of the integrity and continuity of the original strata is the theoretical premise of comprehensive geophysical exploration. It is found that the transient electromagnetic method and the parallel network electric method complement each other, and the synthetic geophysical exploration method, which is supplemented by shallow two-dimensional earthquakes and verifies the exploration junction, has obtained satisfactory results for the old mining air exploration. The apparent resistivity distribution in the study area is significantly different in the vertical and horizontal directions of different line profiles. In the vertical direction, 150 m is relatively concentrated in the high resistance area in the shallow area, but the distribution of the high resistance area in the deep area is discontinuous and the resistance value is lower than that in the shallow area, which shows the pattern of high resistance interleaving, while in the horizontal direction, the high resistance area is mainly distributed in the central and eastern part of the study area. The anomalous area shown by the reflected wave profile of two dimensional seismic exploration is consistent with that of the electric method and the transient electromagnetic method. The three geophysical methods are proved to be mutually beneficial to each other, and the reliability of the exploration results is improved. In the process of interpretation of the results, a comprehensive interpretation model, which is based on the inversion results of transient electromagnetic method and parallel resistance method and supplemented by two-dimensional seismic survey results, is adopted, which provides reference for similar goaf exploration. It shows that the Quaternary clay layer in the study area is studied. The clay layer is micro- micropermeable soil layer and its thickness is stable, which can effectively block the recharge of surface water to groundwater and provide a strong condition for the construction of wetland ecosystem in subsidence area. The evaluation of surface soil nutrient in the study area shows that the soil erosion caused by the subsidence in goaf is the main reason for the spatial difference of soil nutrient in the study area, and the soil nutrient is low in the east and west. The comprehensive evaluation results of geological stability can also indirectly reflect the geological stability. The results show that, because of the repeated disturbance of small coal mines, the central part of the study area is affected by the repeated disturbance of small coal mines. The old goaf in the east is easy to be activated and belongs to the unstable area of collapse, and the other parts which are not affected by the mining movement of small coal mines, after a long period of residual subsidence and the compaction of the overlying strata, the old goaf is basically stable and belongs to the stable area of collapse.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD325.3;P631

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本文編號：1931212