本文選題：錨桿　切入點：無損檢測　出處：《太原理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：錨桿作為支護手段，在眾多的城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、地鐵隧道橋梁等工程項目，以及礦井建設(shè)等工程領(lǐng)域中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。它的工作狀況影響著整個工程的進度，涉及安全性、穩(wěn)定性等多方面。因此，如何對錨桿的工作情況進行檢測，得到理想的結(jié)果及時進行修復顯得尤為關(guān)鍵和迫切。目前來說，眾多學者經(jīng)過多年研究，在錨桿無損檢測領(lǐng)域取得了一定的成果與進步，但難點就是如何準確快速識別底端反射，這個問題直接導致了他們的研究成果無法在實際中廣泛應用。另外實驗室研究的假設(shè)條件與實際中的工程應用有著較大的差別，現(xiàn)有的理論能否滿足絕大多數(shù)的實際工程應用仍有待商榷。 針對目前遇到的難題，本文對錨桿無損檢測的理論基礎(chǔ)做了深入的研究，對桿體內(nèi)應力波的傳播規(guī)律做了新的探索，對分形以及盒維數(shù)的原理和適用范圍也做了深入探索。基于以上理論研究，將分形盒維數(shù)計算方法大膽的應用于錨桿無損檢測工程領(lǐng)域，，通過實驗室研究，提出了合適的盒維數(shù)數(shù)學計算模型，利用MATLAB語言進行了相關(guān)計算程序的編寫。最終通過實驗研究，用采集到的數(shù)據(jù)進行研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了盒維數(shù)與錨桿工作荷載之間的關(guān)系，得出了相應的相應曲線，并且分析論證了該方法的可行性。通過本文的研究，在錨桿無損檢測領(lǐng)域取得了如下的一些成果與進步： 1）初步建立了較為完整的錨桿錨固質(zhì)量評價體系，提出了全面結(jié)合七個不同參數(shù)（衰減系數(shù)、幅值比、有效錨固長度、固結(jié)波速、頻率比、基頻及基頻點的動剛度）合力判斷錨桿錨固質(zhì)量的方法。 2）深入研究了分形理論以及具體的盒維數(shù)理論，結(jié)合數(shù)學和實際應用兩方面建立了詳盡的數(shù)學計算模型，并且從理論上和適用范圍兩方面論證了錨桿無損檢測與分形盒維數(shù)結(jié)合的合理性與可行性； 3）建立了分形盒維數(shù)的錨桿無損檢測數(shù)學模型，利用MATLAB語言進行了程序編寫，利用二者可以準確的計算出加速度響應曲線的盒維數(shù)數(shù)值大小，導入origin軟件進行擬合，得出錨桿在荷載作用下激發(fā)收集到的響應曲線的盒維數(shù)與錨桿工作荷載之間的曲線關(guān)系； 4）不同的試件，擬合出的荷載——盒維數(shù)曲線趨勢基本一致，都是先增大，到達峰值后減小。相同錨固參數(shù)的試件盒維數(shù)數(shù)值有差異，但是達到盒維數(shù)最大值的荷載相同。 5）通過荷載——盒維數(shù)曲線，可以直觀的判斷錨桿的錨固質(zhì)量以及它的極限荷載：當盒維數(shù)數(shù)值位于最高點值前面的時候，可以認為錨桿還近似處于彈性變形階段；當盒維數(shù)數(shù)值與最高點值相等或者非常接近的時候，可以認為錨桿處于錨固失效階段。
[Abstract]:As a means of supporting, bolt plays an important role in many urban infrastructure construction, subway tunnel bridge and other engineering fields, as well as mine construction, etc. Its working condition affects the progress of the whole project. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to check the working condition of anchor rod and get the ideal result to repair it in time. At present, many scholars have studied it for many years. Some achievements and progress have been made in the field of nondestructive testing of bolts, but the difficulty is how to identify the reflection at the bottom accurately and quickly. This problem directly results in their research results can not be widely used in practice. In addition, the hypothesis of laboratory research is quite different from that of practical engineering applications. Whether the existing theory can satisfy most of the practical engineering applications is still open to question. In view of the problems encountered at present, the theoretical basis of nondestructive testing of anchor rod is deeply studied in this paper, and the propagation law of stress wave in the bolt is explored in a new way. Based on the above theoretical research, the fractal box dimension calculation method is applied boldly in the field of nondestructive testing engineering of anchor rod. A suitable mathematical calculation model of box dimension is put forward, and the relevant calculation program is compiled by using MATLAB language. Finally, the relationship between box dimension and working load of anchor rod is found by the experimental study and the data collected. The corresponding curves are obtained, and the feasibility of the method is analyzed. Through the research in this paper, some achievements and progress have been made in the field of non-destructive testing of bolts. 1) A relatively complete evaluation system of anchoring quality is established, and seven parameters (attenuation coefficient, amplitude ratio, effective anchoring length, consolidation wave velocity, frequency ratio) are put forward. The method of judging anchoring quality by combining forces of fundamental frequency and dynamic stiffness of fundamental frequency points. 2) the fractal theory and the box dimension theory are deeply studied, and a detailed mathematical calculation model is established in combination with mathematics and practical application. The rationality and feasibility of the combination of nondestructive testing of bolt and fractal box dimension are demonstrated in theory and scope of application. 3) the mathematical model of the nondestructive testing of the fractal box dimension is established, and the program is compiled by MATLAB language. The box dimension value of the acceleration response curve can be accurately calculated by using the two models, and the value of the box dimension of the acceleration response curve can be accurately calculated by introducing the origin software to fit the model. The relationship between the box dimension of the response curve and the working load of the bolt is obtained. 4) for different specimens, the fitted load-box dimension curve is basically the same, which increases first, then decreases after reaching the peak value. The values of box dimension of the same Anchorage parameter are different, but the load that reaches the maximum value of box dimension is the same. 5) through the load-box dimension curve, the anchoring quality and its ultimate load can be judged intuitively: when the box dimension is in front of the highest value, the anchor rod is still approximately in the elastic deformation stage; When the box dimension is equal to or very close to the highest value, the anchor rod is considered to be in the Anchorage failure stage.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD353.6

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