本文選題：金礦石　切入點：浮選　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著礦石資源的開發(fā),我國高品位礦物資源枯竭,低品位礦物資源的開發(fā)受到越來越多的重視。但是低品位礦物在浮選中會造成一些問題:捕收劑用量增加,精礦品位不高,回收率較低。本文的主要目的是:降低捕收劑用量、提高精礦回收率和品位。以金礦石為研究對象,通過工藝礦物學(xué)分析金礦物的賦存狀態(tài),在此基礎(chǔ)上進行了單因素試驗,確定浮選的最佳試驗條件,為后續(xù)的開路試驗和閉路試驗提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。使用紅外光譜分析,進行捕收劑和礦石作用機理的研究,為該礦石的分選提供理論依據(jù)。工藝礦物學(xué)研究表明,該礦石中金的品位為2.14 g/t,硫品位為1.28%,主要載金礦物為黃鐵礦,是低硫型含金礦石。礦石中金礦物主要是自然金,物相分析表明70%的金賦存于硫化物中,近30%的金在脈石中。親金礦物黃鐵礦粒度較為細小,因此,該礦石適合用浮選方法進行回收。在實際礦石浮選試驗部分,首先采用單因素方法,探索礦漿PH值、碳酸鈉用量、硫酸銅用量、不同捕收劑用量等因素對浮選效果的影響。單因素試驗的結(jié)果:碳酸鈉用量為100 g/t;硫酸銅用量為200 g/t;確定復(fù)合捕收劑為PAX和丁銨黑藥,然后探索復(fù)合藥劑配比和復(fù)合藥劑用量。PAX:丁銨黑藥=3:1,復(fù)合捕收劑的用量為100 g/t。根據(jù)單因素試驗結(jié)果,進行開路試驗。開路試驗采用一次粗選三次精選三次掃選的原則流程,精礦的品位為19.30 g/t,回收率為52.61%;尾礦品位為0.45 g/t,回收率為6.47%。閉路試驗采用一次粗選三次精選二次掃選的原則流程,浮選精礦的品位為18.40 g/t,回收率為79.72%;尾礦的品位為0.50 g/t,回收率為20.28%。單一捕收劑最佳用量為150 g/t,復(fù)合捕收劑最佳用量為100 g/t。使用復(fù)合捕收劑浮選效果較好,并且用量減少了50 g/t。通過紅外分析可知,PAX是含有支鏈的有機物,可能含有芳環(huán)、硝基。SIBX是直鏈的不飽和有機物,可能含有胺類,也可能含有不飽和鍵。丁銨黑藥是不飽和的含有支鏈的有機物,可能含有C=C、C≡N、C=O、-P-O-C、-P-S-鍵。原礦石中可能含有-OH、NH4+、CO32-、Al2O3、Si-O、Ti O3等。根據(jù)原礦、原礦與捕收劑作用水洗前后的紅外光譜圖,分析可知丁銨黑藥即發(fā)生了物理吸附,也發(fā)生了化學(xué)吸附,PAX發(fā)生了化學(xué)吸附,所以PAX得選擇性比丁銨黑藥的選擇性好,得到浮選精礦的品位較高。復(fù)合捕收劑和礦石不僅發(fā)生了物理吸附、化學(xué)吸附,也發(fā)生了共吸附作用。因此,復(fù)合捕收劑在礦石表面的吸附作用大于單一捕收劑的吸附作用,不僅能夠使浮選保持較好的指標(biāo),還能大大降低選礦藥劑的用量,降低選礦成本。
[Abstract]:With the development of ore resources, high grade mineral resources are exhausted in China, and more and more attention is paid to the development of low grade mineral resources. However, the low grade minerals will cause some problems in flotation, such as the increase of collector dosage and the low grade of concentrate. The main purpose of this paper is to reduce the amount of collector and improve the recovery rate and grade of concentrate. Taking gold ore as the research object, the occurrence state of gold ore is analyzed by process mineralogy, and the single factor test is carried out on this basis. To determine the best test conditions for flotation and to provide data support for subsequent open-circuit and closed-circuit tests. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the mechanism of collector and ore action. The technological mineralogical study shows that the grade of gold in the ore is 2.14 g / t, and the grade of sulfur is 1.28. The main gold bearing material is pyrite, which is a low sulfur bearing gold ore. Phase analysis shows that 70% of gold occurs in sulfides, and nearly 30% of gold is in gangue. The particle size of pyrite is very small, so the ore is suitable for recovery by flotation. First of all, using the single factor method, to explore the PH value of pulp, the amount of sodium carbonate, the amount of copper sulfate, The results of single factor experiment showed that the dosage of sodium carbonate was 100g / t; the dosage of copper sulfate was 200g / t; the compound collector was determined as PAX and ammonium butylammonium black, Then we explored the ratio of compound chemicals and the dosage of compound reagent. PAX: ammonium butyrate was 3: 1, and the amount of compound collector was 100 g / t. According to the results of single factor test, open circuit test was carried out. The open circuit test adopted the principle flow of one rough selection three times cleaning three times cleaning three times. The grade of concentrate is 19.30 g / t, the recovery rate is 52.61; the grade of tailings is 0.45 g / t, and the recovery is 6.47.The closed circuit test adopts the principle of one roughing, three cleaning and two cleaning. The grade of flotation concentrate is 18.40 g / t, the recovery rate is 79.72, the grade of tailings is 0.50 g / t and the recovery is 20.28.The optimum dosage of single collector is 150 g / t, and the best dosage of compound collector is 100 g / t. And the dosage was reduced by 50 g / t. The infrared analysis showed that PAX was an organic substance with branched chain, possibly containing aromatic ring, nitro.SIBX was an unsaturated organic substance with straight chain, it might contain amines. It may also contain unsaturated bonds. Ammonium butylammonium black is an unsaturated organic compound with branched chains, which may contain C ~ (+) C = N ~ ((1)) C = C ~ (2 +) C = C ~ (2 +) C ~ (2 +) -P ~ (-O-O) -C ~ ((1)) -P ~ (-S-) bond. The original ore may contain -OHNH _ 4 CO _ (32) O _ (32) O _ (2) O _ (2) O _ (2) O _ (10) O _ (TiO _ 3). The results show that both physical adsorption and chemisorption of ammonium butylammonium black drug occur, so the selectivity of PAX is better than that of ammonium butylammonium black drug. It is found that the flotation concentrate has a higher grade. The complex collector and ore not only have physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, but also coadsorption. Therefore, the adsorption action of the complex collector on the ore surface is greater than that of the single collector. It can not only keep the better index of flotation, but also greatly reduce the dosage of mineral dressing agent and the dressing cost.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD952

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