4種天鵝線粒體基因組和BLB基因的分子進化研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-07-08 19:10
【摘要】：天鵝是雁形目(Anserformes)鴨科(Anatidae)的鳥類,在我國分布的有大天鵝(Cygnus Cygnus)、小天鵝(Cygnus columbianus)和疣鼻天鵝(Cygnus olor),均為國家二級保護動物,具有較高的經(jīng)濟價值。由于人類破壞和自然環(huán)境的改變使天鵝的數(shù)量正在逐年下降,因此探究天鵝的繁育能力、對疾病的抗病能力顯得尤為重要。鳥類BLB基因是與鳥類抗病能力密切相關(guān)的基因,隨著分子生物學(xué)的廣泛應(yīng)用,越來越多的學(xué)者關(guān)注雁形目鳥類的分子方面的研究,例如利用線粒體基因組重建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹,解決物種的起源和分類的問題；通過MHC基因的測定研究物種的傳染病的抗病能力。目前NCBI中已有二十余種雁形目鳥類線粒體基因組的全序列被測出,多種鳥類的BLB分子的序列被公布,但對天鵝的相關(guān)研究并不多。本研究獲得大天鵝、小天鵝、黑天鵝和疣鼻天鵝四種天鵝的BLB基因的外顯子2、3序列,研究天鵝BLB基因的多態(tài)性,為雁形目鳥類的MHC研究提供理論資料,有助于研究疾病的防治和物種的保護。并結(jié)合線粒體基因組的全序列從分子角度研究天鵝的進化關(guān)系,結(jié)果如下：1.大天鵝、疣鼻天鵝的線粒體基因組全序列分別長16721 bp和16735 bp,堿基表現(xiàn)出明顯的AT偏倚,構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)進化樹顯示疣鼻天鵝和黑天鵝先分化,大天鵝和小天鵝后分化。2.本實驗獲得天鵝BLB序列的結(jié)構(gòu)為3個內(nèi)含子和4個外顯子,其中外顯子2長度為270 bp,外顯子3長度為282 bp。3. exon 2多態(tài)性明顯高于exon 3。4. exon 2在進化過程中受正選擇壓力的影響,exon 3為中性選擇,進化過程中更為保守。5.天鵝BLB的exon 2的系統(tǒng)進化樹中出現(xiàn)不同物種交叉出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象,認為天鵝的BLB基因在進化過程中存在跨物種進化。另外exon 2構(gòu)建的進化樹趨勢與mtDNA構(gòu)建進化樹相近。6.綜合等位基因的分型情況,分析推斷大天鵝的BLB基因至少存在2個基因座。
[Abstract]:Swan is a bird of (Anserformes) Duck family (Anatidae). The big swan (Cygnus), small swan (Cygnus columbianus) and verrucous nose swan (Cygnus olor), are both national second-class protected animals in China, which have high economic value. Because of the destruction of human beings and the change of natural environment, the number of swans is decreasing year by year, so it is particularly important to explore the breeding ability of swans and the disease resistance. Bird BLB gene is closely related to the resistance of birds. With the wide application of molecular biology, more and more scholars pay attention to the molecular research of wild goose birds, such as the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees by using mtDNA genome to solve the problem of species origin and classification, and the determination of MHC gene to study the disease resistance of species. At present, more than 20 species of wild goose birds have been sequenced in NCBI, and the sequences of BLB molecules in many kinds of birds have been published, but there are few studies on swans. In this study, the exons 2 and 3 of BLB gene of swans, small swans, black swans and warts were obtained, and the polymorphism of swan BLB gene was studied, which provided theoretical data for the study of MHC in wild goose birds, and was helpful to study the prevention and treatment of diseases and the protection of species. The evolutionary relationship of swans was studied from a molecular point of view in combination with the complete sequence of mtDNA genomes. The results are as follows: 1. The complete sequence of mtDNA of big swan and warrucous swan showed obvious AT bias in length of 16721 bp and 16735 bp, respectively. the construction of phylogenetic tree showed that swan and black swan differentiated first, big swan and small swan differentiated later. 2. In this experiment, the structure of swan BLB sequence is 3 introns and 4 exons, in which the length of exon 2 is 270 bp, and the length of Exon 3 is 282 bp.3.. The polymorphism of exon 2 was significantly higher than that of exon 3.4. Exon 2 is influenced by positive selection pressure in the process of evolution. Exon 3 is neutral selection, and it is more conservative in the process of evolution. 5. There is a phenomenon that different species cross in the phylogenetic tree of exon 2 of swan BLB, and it is considered that the BLB gene of swan evolves across species in the process of evolution. In addition, the trend of evolutionary tree constructed by exon 2 is similar to that constructed by mtDNA. 6. According to the genotyping of alleles, it was inferred that there were at least two loci of BLB gene in swan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q953
本文編號：2511809
[Abstract]:Swan is a bird of (Anserformes) Duck family (Anatidae). The big swan (Cygnus), small swan (Cygnus columbianus) and verrucous nose swan (Cygnus olor), are both national second-class protected animals in China, which have high economic value. Because of the destruction of human beings and the change of natural environment, the number of swans is decreasing year by year, so it is particularly important to explore the breeding ability of swans and the disease resistance. Bird BLB gene is closely related to the resistance of birds. With the wide application of molecular biology, more and more scholars pay attention to the molecular research of wild goose birds, such as the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees by using mtDNA genome to solve the problem of species origin and classification, and the determination of MHC gene to study the disease resistance of species. At present, more than 20 species of wild goose birds have been sequenced in NCBI, and the sequences of BLB molecules in many kinds of birds have been published, but there are few studies on swans. In this study, the exons 2 and 3 of BLB gene of swans, small swans, black swans and warts were obtained, and the polymorphism of swan BLB gene was studied, which provided theoretical data for the study of MHC in wild goose birds, and was helpful to study the prevention and treatment of diseases and the protection of species. The evolutionary relationship of swans was studied from a molecular point of view in combination with the complete sequence of mtDNA genomes. The results are as follows: 1. The complete sequence of mtDNA of big swan and warrucous swan showed obvious AT bias in length of 16721 bp and 16735 bp, respectively. the construction of phylogenetic tree showed that swan and black swan differentiated first, big swan and small swan differentiated later. 2. In this experiment, the structure of swan BLB sequence is 3 introns and 4 exons, in which the length of exon 2 is 270 bp, and the length of Exon 3 is 282 bp.3.. The polymorphism of exon 2 was significantly higher than that of exon 3.4. Exon 2 is influenced by positive selection pressure in the process of evolution. Exon 3 is neutral selection, and it is more conservative in the process of evolution. 5. There is a phenomenon that different species cross in the phylogenetic tree of exon 2 of swan BLB, and it is considered that the BLB gene of swan evolves across species in the process of evolution. In addition, the trend of evolutionary tree constructed by exon 2 is similar to that constructed by mtDNA. 6. According to the genotyping of alleles, it was inferred that there were at least two loci of BLB gene in swan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q953
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