【摘要】：水稻的高產穩(wěn)產對保障我國糧食安全具有重要意義。近年來,品種遺傳基礎趨于狹窄已成為水稻產量潛力進一步提高的瓶頸。江蘇為粳稻生產大省,挖掘可供粳稻品種選育應用的產量相關QTL/基因,拓寬現有品種的遺傳基礎對提高粳稻品種的產量潛力及江蘇省糧食生產均具有重要的意義。本研究構建了一套以優(yōu)質中秈品種黃華占為供體,改良遲熟中粳品種武育粳3號而來的新品系抗條武育粳3號為背景的高代回交導入系群體,多年考察導入系產量相關性狀;同時利用簡化基因組重測序技術(SLAF-seq)對導入系進行測序分析,明確各株系中導入片段。結合性狀考察及重測序數據對產量相關性狀進行QTL定位研究,并對已克隆的重要產量基因Gn1a在直立穗粳稻遺傳背景下的效應進行全面分析,同時對新的QTL/基因進行定位,相關結果為產量相關性狀的分子育種和新基因的定位克隆奠定基礎。具體結果如下:(1)采用性狀優(yōu)先的方法構建了一套包含210個株系的高代回交導入系群體,根據系譜及SLAF-seq測序結果,選擇133份高代回交導入系材料(56個BC4F4及77個BC3F5),于2014年和2015年對這133份材料16個產量相關性狀進行考察。(2)利用簡化基因組重測序(SLAF-seq)獲得244,683個SLAF標簽,其中有效多態(tài)性標簽25,784個,有效多態(tài)性達10.54%。從有效多態(tài)性標簽中最終篩出10,103個高質量SLAF標簽用于后續(xù)分析,均勻分布于12條染色體上,其中第2染色體最多,共1,328個標簽,最少的是第12染色體,共296個標簽。(3)利用高質量SLAF標簽對應的SNP分型,結合兩年環(huán)境下16個產量相關性狀考察數據,在QTL IciMapping V4.0軟件中共定位到120個產量相關性狀QTLs。與水稻播始天數、株高、單株穗數、單株產量、穗長、一次枝梗數、一次穎花數、二次枝梗數、二次穎花數、主莖穗穎花數、結實率、千粒重、粒長、粒寬、粒厚、長寬比相關的QTLs分別為11、6、4、6、3、11、9、4、5、6、6、12、3、12、13和9個,其中兩年能重復檢測到18個QTLs;兩年分別定位到但距離相近、遺傳效應方向一致,可視為同一 QTL的共12個;同時控制兩個及以上性狀的QTL簇有6處。(4)在直立穗粳稻遺傳背景下,Gn1a能顯著增加二次枝梗數、二次枝梗穎花數及穗長、一次枝梗數、一次枝梗穎花數和穗總粒數,但單株穗數顯著減少,單株產量未見顯著提高;在籽粒性狀上表現粒寬顯著增加、長/寬比減小的特點,有千粒重提高、堊白粒率增加的趨勢。要利用Gn1a基因增加穗粒數來提高直立穗粳稻品種的單產,還需聚合其它產量相關基因,以克服單株穗數減少、外觀品質變劣的不利影響。(5)利用高代回交導入系T1與抗條武育粳3號配制的F2群體,在位于第6染色體上約500 kb的區(qū)間初定位到一個新的抽穗期顯性基因DTH6,來源于印度秈型常規(guī)水稻Dualr。揚州正季長日照下,攜帶DTH6株系提早抽穗,而揚州和海南兩地抽穗期穩(wěn)定在82天左右,表明DTH6可減弱株系的感光性。
[Abstract]:The high and stable yield of rice is of great significance to ensure the food security of our country. In recent years, the genetic basis of rice varieties tends to narrow has become the bottleneck of further improvement of rice yield potential. Jiangsu is a major japonica rice production province. It is of great significance to excavate the yield related QTL/ gene which can be used in japonica rice variety breeding and application, and to broaden the genetic basis of existing varieties in order to improve the yield potential of japonica rice varieties and grain production in Jiangsu Province. In this study, a set of high generation backcross introduced lines with high quality medium indica variety Huang Hua Zhan as donor and improved late maturing medium japonica variety Wuyujing 3 as background was constructed, and the yield related characters of introduced lines were investigated for many years. At the same time, the simplified genome resequencing technique (SLAF-seq) was used to sequence the introduced lines, and the imported fragments were identified. Combined with character investigation and resequencing data, the QTL mapping of yield-related traits was carried out, and the effects of cloned important yield gene Gn1a on the genetic background of vertical panicle japonica rice were analyzed comprehensively, and the new QTL/ gene was mapped at the same time. The related results laid a foundation for molecular breeding of yield-related traits and mapping and cloning of new genes. The results are as follows: (1) A set of high generation backcross lines with 210 lines was constructed by character first method. According to the results of pedigree and SLAF-seq sequencing, 133 high generation backcross lines (56 BC4F4 and 77 BC3F5) were selected. Sixteen yield-related traits of the 133 materials were investigated in 2014 and 2015. (2) 244683 SLAF tags were obtained by simplified genome resequencing (SLAF-seq), of which 25784 were effective polymorphism tags, and the effective polymorphism was 10.54%. 10103 high quality SLAF tags were screened out from the effective polymorphism tags for subsequent analysis, which were evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes, of which the second chromosome was the most, with a total of 1328 tags, and the least was chromosome 12. A total of 296 tags. (3) using the SNP typing corresponding to high quality SLAF tags, combined with the investigation data of 16 yield related traits in two years, a total of 120 yield related traits QTLs. were mapped in QTL IciMapping v4.0 software. The number of spikelets per plant, the yield per plant, the length of panicle, the number of primary branches, the number of primary spikelets, the number of secondary branches, the number of secondary spikelets, the number of spikelets per panicle of the main stem, the seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, The QTLs related to aspect ratio was 11, 6, 4, 6, 3, 11, 9, 4, 5, 6, 12, 3, 12, 13 and 9, respectively, of which 18 QTLs; could be repeatedly detected in two years. It was located in two years, but the distance was similar, and the direction of genetic effect was the same, which could be regarded as 12 of the same QTL. There were 6 QTL clusters controlling two or more traits at the same time. (4) under the genetic background of vertical panicle japonica rice, Gn1a could significantly increase the number of secondary branch pedicels, the number of secondary branch spikelets and panicle length, the number of primary branches, the number of primary branch spikelets and the total number of grains per panicle. However, the number of panicles per plant decreased significantly, and the yield per plant did not increase significantly. In grain traits, grain width increased significantly, length / width ratio decreased, 1000-grain weight increased and chalky grain rate increased. In order to increase the grain number per panicle by using Gn1a gene to increase the unit yield of vertical panicle japonica rice varieties, it is also necessary to aggregate other yield related genes in order to overcome the decrease of panicle number per plant. The adverse effects of poor appearance quality. (5) using F2 population prepared by high generation backcross introduction line T1 and resistant Wuyujing 3, a new dominant gene DTH6, at heading stage was initially located in the interval of about 500 kb on chromosome 6. (5) A new dominant gene at heading stage was located in F2 population prepared by high generation backcross introduction line T1 and resistant Wuyujing 3. From India Indica conventional Rice Dualr. Under the long sunshine of Yangzhou season, the lines carrying DTH6 heading early, while the heading date of Yangzhou and Hainan stabilized at about 82 days, indicating that DTH6 could weaken the photosensity of the lines.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511

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