【摘要】：在大豆理想株型構(gòu)建中,株高與葉柄長(zhǎng)度是兩個(gè)非常重要的株型性狀,均對(duì)大豆產(chǎn)量影響顯著。研究證實(shí)株高與結(jié)莢數(shù)呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)性且適度矮化可以提高抗倒伏能力,葉柄長(zhǎng)度決定了大豆整株的葉層結(jié)構(gòu)并影響植株的光合作用面積,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)擁有較短葉柄的大豆品種可以在高密度種植下而不影響光合作用。本文利用60CO-γ射線誘變“菏豆12”產(chǎn)生的一個(gè)矮化短柄突變體baf6比較研究了與菏豆12的百粒重,株高,底莢高度等常見(jiàn)農(nóng)藝性狀差異。并利用植物外源激素(生長(zhǎng)素,赤霉素,油菜素內(nèi)酯,細(xì)胞分裂素)處理兩者根系,以探討兩者對(duì)外源植物激素的響應(yīng)差異。通過(guò)石蠟切片觀察分析了baf6與菏豆12葉柄細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)。為了克隆出控制矮化短柄性狀的基因,將baf6突變體與Williams82雜交,遺傳學(xué)分析表明baf6性狀遺傳符合單隱性基因遺傳規(guī)律,利用分子標(biāo)記和F2代分離出的兩個(gè)突變體群體M16(共13株)、M17(共21株)進(jìn)行基因定位。本次研究結(jié)果為目的基因的確定以及大豆理想株型構(gòu)建提供了理論依據(jù),同時(shí)baf6突變體相比于已有的GA3合成缺陷型突變體“東澤11號(hào)”與GA3鈍感型突變體“df”是一種新型突變體,豐富了大豆株型的種質(zhì)資源。本次研究主要結(jié)果如下:1.相比于野生型“菏豆12”,baf6突變體苗期根系對(duì)不同濃度的6-芐氨基嘌呤(6-BA),赤霉素(GA3),吲哚乙酸(IAA)有反應(yīng),對(duì)油菜素內(nèi)酯(BR)無(wú)反應(yīng)。屬于BR不敏感突變體類(lèi)型。2.葉柄橫切觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),相比于野生型“菏豆12”,baf6突變體木質(zhì)部細(xì)胞及髓細(xì)胞直徑普遍減小,橫向發(fā)育能力下降。這個(gè)結(jié)果與其為BR不敏感型突變體相對(duì)應(yīng)。3.突變體baf6在農(nóng)藝性狀上包括單株粒數(shù),單株莢數(shù),葉片面積,株高,節(jié)數(shù),分枝數(shù)相比于野生型都有顯著下降,百粒重與底莢高度無(wú)明顯差異。在營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)末期baf6的光合速率與菏豆12無(wú)明顯差異。4.利用突變體分離群體和大豆基因組20條染色體上的分子標(biāo)記將目的基因定位在了7號(hào)染色體上的0.826-1.152M之間,根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)搜索,大豆基因組在該區(qū)域有16個(gè)基因。
[Abstract]:In the construction of soybean ideal plant type, plant height and petiole length are two very important characters of plant type, both of which have a significant effect on soybean yield. The results showed that plant height had positive correlation with pod setting number and moderate dwarf could improve lodging resistance. Petiole length determined leaf layer structure of soybean and affected photosynthesis area of soybean plant. It was found that soybean varieties with shorter petioles could be planted under high density without affecting photosynthesis. In this paper, a dwarf short-stalk mutant baf6 produced by 60 Co-緯-ray mutagenesis "Hedou 12" was used to study the differences of common agronomic traits such as 100 seed weight, plant height and bottom pod height between Hedou 12 and Hedou 12. Plant exogenous hormones (auxin, gibberellin, brassinolide, cytokinin) were used to treat the roots of the two plants in order to explore the difference of their responses to exogenous plant hormones. The cell structures of baf6 and Hedou 12 petiole were observed and analyzed by paraffin sections. In order to clone the genes controlling dwarf short stalk traits, the baf6 mutant was hybridized with Williams82. Genetic analysis showed that the inheritance of baf6 traits was in accordance with the inheritance law of single recessive gene. Two mutant populations, M16 (13 strains) and M17 (21 strains), were identified by molecular markers and F2 generation. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the determination of the target gene and the construction of ideal plant type of soybean. At the same time, the baf6 mutant is a new mutant compared with the GA3 synthesis deficient mutant "Dongze 11" and the GA3 insensitive mutant "df", which enriches the germplasm resources of soybean plant type. The main results of this study are as follows: 1. Compared with wild type Hedou 12, the roots of baf6 mutants reacted to different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellin (GA3) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) at seedling stage, but not to brassinolactone (BR). Belong to BR insensitive mutant type. 2. Compared with the wild type Hedou 12, the diameter of xylem and medulla cells in baf6 mutant decreased generally and the lateral developmental ability decreased compared with the wild type Hedou 12 by cross-sectional observation of petiole. This result corresponds to the BR insensitive mutant. 3. The agronomic characters of mutant baf6 included seed number per plant, pod number per plant, leaf area, plant height, node number and branch number, but there was no significant difference between 100 seed weight and bottom pod height. There was no significant difference in the photosynthetic rate of baf6 between Hedou 12 and Hedou 12 at the end of vegetative growth. 4. The target gene was mapped between 0.826 and 1.152m on chromosome 7 by means of mutant segregation population and molecular markers on 20 chromosomes of soybean genome. According to the database search, there were 16 genes in this region of soybean genome.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S565.1

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