【摘要】：以來自不同生態(tài)區(qū)的51份谷子品種為材料,對(duì)其農(nóng)藝性狀、品質(zhì)性狀進(jìn)行相關(guān)性和聚類分析,并對(duì)4份粳糯谷子材料進(jìn)行Waxy基因exon4-exon9區(qū)間RT-PCR分析。其主要結(jié)果如下：(1)供試51份材料的農(nóng)藝性狀的變異范圍為7.89%-49.60%,產(chǎn)量的變異范圍為94.72 kg/畝-484.44kg/畝,其變異系數(shù)為21.81%。用類平均法當(dāng)閾值為4時(shí),供試材料被聚為七大類；第一類品種最多,有大烏谷等27個(gè)品種,第七類只有一個(gè)品種K97混2,但其產(chǎn)量是最高的。與產(chǎn)量呈極顯著正相關(guān)的農(nóng)藝指標(biāo)包括節(jié)數(shù)及葉片數(shù)、穗粗、穗重、穗粒重和千粒重,各農(nóng)藝指標(biāo)之間呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)的有兩組,分別為穗粗與穗下節(jié)間長,穗長與穗的松緊度。(2)濟(jì)0515的蛋白質(zhì)含量最高,大同34的含量最低；公谷68的維生素B1含量最高為0.68mg/100g;九谷11的維生素B2含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其他品種的谷子,為0.72mg/100g;鑫谷10號(hào)和A2-2258這兩個(gè)品種的谷子硒含量均在30μg/kg以上,可以作為硒相對(duì)含量較高的品種種植加工生產(chǎn)。供試材料中膠稠度120mm的有16個(gè)品種；46份材料為中等糊化溫度；貓爪粘等3份材料屬于糯質(zhì)類型,白米粘谷和公谷68的直鏈淀粉含量為0；直鏈淀粉含量大于17%的非糯品種有4份；低直鏈淀粉類型的品種有39份。(3)供試51份谷子材料品質(zhì)性狀的變異范圍為9.38%-128.57%,蛋白質(zhì)含量的變異系數(shù)最小,維生素B2的變異系數(shù)最大。用最小距離法當(dāng)閾值為10時(shí),供試材料被聚為九類；第三類直鏈淀粉含量最高含有34個(gè)品種；第四類、第五類的直鏈淀粉含量均為O。維生素B1與維生素B2呈極顯著正相關(guān),直鏈淀粉與蛋白質(zhì)含量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。(4) exon4-exon9外顯子區(qū)間序列比對(duì)表明：紅粘谷(00000537)與白米粘谷的同源性為99.12%,有4個(gè)單核苷酸多態(tài)性的變異；豐田501與赤谷4號(hào)的同源性為98.9%,有5個(gè)單核苷酸多態(tài)性的變異；粳糯谷對(duì)比,紅粘谷(00000537)與赤谷4號(hào)相似性為98.23%,其中紅粘谷(00000537)在139、163、189、192、245、358、445和451位點(diǎn)依次分別為T、G、T、G、G、A、C和A,赤谷4號(hào)在上述位點(diǎn)的堿基分別為C、A、G、A、A、C、T和G；紅粘谷(00000537)和赤谷4號(hào)的exon4- exon 9區(qū)間的cDNA序列翻譯出的氨基酸序列比對(duì),共檢測到6個(gè)氨基酸變異。
[Abstract]:Using 51 millet varieties from different ecological regions as materials, the correlation and cluster analysis of agronomic and quality traits were carried out, and 4 japonica waxy millet varieties were analyzed by exon4-exon9 interval RT-PCR analysis of Waxy gene. The main results were as follows: (1) the variation range of agronomic characters and yield were 7.89% / 49.60% and 94.72 kg/-484.44kg/ mu, respectively, and the coefficient of variation was 21.81%. When the threshold value was 4, the tested materials were clustered into seven categories, the first variety was the most, there were 27 varieties such as Dawugu and so on, and in the seventh category there was only one variety K97 mixed 2, but its yield was the highest. The agronomic indexes with very significant positive correlation with yield included node number and leaf number, ear diameter, ear weight, grain weight per ear and 1000-grain weight. There were two groups with significant negative correlation between each agronomic index, namely, ear diameter and length of Internode under panicle, and there were two groups with significant negative correlation between each agronomic index, namely, ear diameter and under-panicle Internode length. (2) the protein content of Ji 0515 was the highest, that of Datong 34 was the lowest; The highest content of vitamin B1 in Ganggu 68 was 0.68mg / 100g, and the content of vitamin B2 in Jiugu 11 was much higher than that in other varieties of millet, which was 0.72mg / 100g. The content of selenium in millet of Xingu 10 and A _ 2 O _ (2258) was more than 30 渭 g / kg, which could be used as the planting and processing of the varieties with relatively high se content. Among the tested materials, 16 varieties had gel consistency 120mm, 46 materials were medium gelatinization temperature, 3 materials such as cat-claw stickiness belonged to waxy type, the amylose content of white rice sticky grain and gonggu 68 was 0, the content of amylose in white rice sticky grain and gonggu 68 was 0. There were 4 non-waxy varieties with amylose content greater than 17%. There were 39 varieties with low amylose type. (3) the variation range of quality characters of 51 millet materials was 9.38% and 128.57%, the coefficient of variation of protein content was the smallest, and the coefficient of variation of vitamin B2 was the largest. When the threshold value was 10:00, the tested materials were clustered into nine groups; the amylose content of the third type contained 34 varieties; and the amylose content of the fourth and fifth groups were O. Vitamin B1 was positively correlated with vitamin B2, amylose was negatively correlated with protein content. (4) sequence alignment of exon4-exon9 exons showed that red gluten (00000537) had 99.12% homology with white rice. There were 4 single nucleotide polymorphism variations. The homology between Toyota 501 and Chigu 4 was 98.9%, and there were 5 single nucleotide polymorphism variations. In comparison with glutinous rice, the similarity of Hongyanggu (00000537) to Chigu 4 was 98.23%, in which Hongyanggu (00000537) was T, G, A, C and A at positions 139163189, 19245358445 and 451, respectively, and that of red glutinous grain (00000537) was T, G, A, C and A, respectively. The base of Chigu 4 was C, A, G, A, C, T and G, respectively. A total of 6 amino acid variations were detected in the cDNA sequences translated from the exon4- exon 9 region of Hongyanggu (00000537) and Chigu 4. The amino acid sequences of red gluten (00000537) and Chigu 4 were compared with each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S515

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