【摘要】：蠶豆作為主要食用豆類之一,在世界豆類作物占有重要地位。隨著人們消費(fèi)需求的增加,提前上市的蠶豆需求量也日益增加,春化是有效實(shí)現(xiàn)蠶豆提前上市、增加經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的首選技術(shù),已逐漸被應(yīng)用于蠶豆的生產(chǎn)中。但蠶豆春化的品種選育,不同處理對春化響應(yīng)的情形還缺乏研究,因此本研究從生育形態(tài)和生理生化兩方面入手,探討了不同品種蠶豆春化處理后的生育形態(tài)差異和不同品種間不同春化處理后生理生化的差異。通過研究蠶豆的春化過程,更深刻的了解蠶豆的春化原理,提高蠶豆春化的技術(shù)手段,篩選出適合江蘇本地區(qū)的蠶豆品種。本研究篩選了 50個(gè)品種的不同地區(qū)的蠶豆,通過比較定植后春化及對照組的形態(tài)差異和開花的早晚篩選30個(gè)品種。在溫室栽培30個(gè)品種的春化及對比組,記錄其生育形態(tài)、現(xiàn)蕾期、花苞器、盛花期及結(jié)莢期,從中再篩選出6個(gè)品種。對6個(gè)適合江蘇地區(qū)栽種的蠶豆品種進(jìn)行芽春化8天、12天、16天及苗春化的處理,測量了處理下的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過氧化物酶(POD)、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性蛋白的生理指標(biāo)。同時(shí)對6個(gè)蠶豆品種的春化和非春化處理后地后連續(xù)測量并繪制它們的活性曲線。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.春化處理可以提前植株的現(xiàn)蕾、結(jié)苞、開花、結(jié)莢的時(shí)間,同一品種不同處理有較明顯的差異。不同地域間品種橫向比較,并無顯著的地域差異,云南、江蘇、四川等地的蠶豆相同處理下在生長勢及生育期都有優(yōu)勢,可以考慮作為實(shí)際種植的品種。從春化后幼苗的生理生化指標(biāo)來看,對蠶豆苗春化效果最好,但由于其要求更大的設(shè)施、處理更復(fù)雜,在實(shí)踐生產(chǎn)中難度也相應(yīng)增大。2.冬性蠶豆主要來源于北方,春化敏感程度低;春性蠶豆主要來源于南方,春化敏感度高,適合江蘇地區(qū)。定植初始,春化處理的植株在生長高度、側(cè)枝數(shù)和分枝數(shù)上不如非春化植株,生長后期逐漸持平。春化植株的開花時(shí)間比非春化的提前10-60天。根據(jù)提前開花時(shí)長初步篩選出云南尕巴山尕大豆、啟東大青皮、鹽城綠皮蠶豆等適合江蘇地區(qū)的春化品種。3.在本次實(shí)驗(yàn)中,多數(shù)品種蠶豆的最適春化時(shí)間在8天左右,不宜超過12天,同時(shí)因?yàn)槠贩N對溫度的抗逆性不同,結(jié)果不能一概而論,春化處理后,保護(hù)酶活性會(huì)有顯著的提高。SOD和POD酶活在苗春化和春化8d時(shí)較高,MDA含量隨著春化時(shí)間逐步增多。定植后春化處理的植株SOD活性較高,在20-25天之間,植株的生理活性達(dá)到峰值,蛋白和MDA含量達(dá)到低值,開花時(shí)POD較高,SOD開花前下降,開花后升高。
[Abstract]:As one of the main edible legumes, broad bean occupies an important position in the world. With the increase of people's consumption demand, the demand for Vicia faba on the market in advance is also increasing. Vernalization is the first choice technology to realize the early listing of Vicia faba and increase economic benefit, and has been gradually applied in the production of broad bean. However, there is still no research on the response of different treatments to vernalization in the breeding of vernalization of broad bean, so this study starts with growth morphology, physiology and biochemistry. The differences of growth morphology of different varieties of broad bean after vernalization and physiological and biochemical differences of different vernalization treatments among different varieties were discussed. By studying the vernalization process of Vicia faba, the principle of vernalization of Vicia faba was deeply understood, the technical means of vernalization of Vicia faba were improved, and the varieties of Vicia faba suitable for Jiangsu region were screened out. In this study, 50 varieties of Vicia faba from different regions were selected, and 30 varieties were screened by comparing the morphological differences of vernalization after planting and the control group and the flowering time of 30 varieties. In the vernalization and comparison groups of 30 cultivars cultivated in greenhouse, the growth morphology, budding stage, bud organ, flowering stage and pod-setting stage were recorded, and 6 varieties were screened out. Six varieties of broad bean suitable for Jiangsu province were treated with spring sprout for 8 days, 12 days, 16 days and seedlings. The superoxide dismutase (SOD),) peroxidase (POD), was measured. Physiological indexes of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein. At the same time, 6 varieties of broad bean after vernalization and non-vernalization were continuously measured and their activity curves were plotted. The main results are as follows: 1. Vernalization treatment could advance the time of budding, bud, flowering and pod setting of the same plant, and there were obvious differences among different treatments of the same variety. There were no significant regional differences between different regions. The same treatments in Yunnan Jiangsu Sichuan and other places had advantages in growth potential and growth period. Therefore it could be considered as a practical planting variety. According to the physiological and biochemical indexes of the seedlings after vernalization, the effect of spring transformation of broad bean seedlings is the best, but the difficulty in practical production is increased because of the greater facilities required and the more complex treatment. 2. Winter Vicia faba is mainly from the north, and the spring Vicia faba is mainly from the south, which is suitable for Jiangsu province. At the beginning of planting, the growth height, the number of lateral branches and the number of branches of the vernalization treatment were lower than those of the non-vernalization plants, and the growth stage was gradually flat. The flowering time of vernalization plants was 10-60 days earlier than that of non-vernalization plants. According to the early flowering time, the spring varieties of Gabashang soybean, Qidong Qingpi, Yancheng mungskin broad bean suitable for Jiangsu region were preliminarily selected. In this experiment, the optimum vernalization time of most varieties of Vicia faba is about 8 days, not more than 12 days. At the same time, because the varieties have different resistance to temperature, the results can not be generalized. The activity of SOD and POD was higher at the 8th day of spring and vernalization, and the content of MDA increased gradually with the time of vernalization. The SOD activity of the plantlets treated by vernalization after planting was higher, the physiological activity of the plants reached the peak between 20-25 days, the contents of protein and MDA reached a low value, the content of POD was higher at anthesis, the SOD decreased before anthesis, and increased after anthesis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S643.6

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本文編號(hào)：2385059