【摘要】：農田砷污染是水稻種植區(qū)面臨的重要環(huán)境問題之一,其危害人體健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境安全。本研究通過土壤盆栽試驗,運用HPLC-ICP-MS、紫外分光光度計、光合儀等技術,研究93個不同基因型旱稻在不同砷濃度土壤(58.9 mg·kg-1和82.6 mg·kg-1)條件下,其對砷的吸收、累積差異,并根據不同基因型旱稻對砷的耐性及其地上部對砷吸收、累積和轉運特點,篩選出高吸收基因旱稻和低吸收基因旱稻;進而通過對比研究砷高吸收基因型旱稻(3個品種)和低吸收基因型旱稻(4個品種)在不同砷濃度土壤(20.9 mg·kg-1、58.9 mg·kg-1和82.6 mg·kg-1)條件下,從生長狀況(株高、根長、分蘗數、籽粒重、地上部重)、不同器官(根、秸稈、葉鞘、葉片、稻殼和糙米)中砷的含量及其分布、根表鐵膜、抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)(POD、CAT、APX、GR)這幾個角度來探討其對砷吸收、累積和分布差異及其在砷脅迫下的生理響應。研究結果如下:1、93份不同基因型旱稻在不同砷濃度土壤條件下,旱稻V2、V3、V4、V7、V10、V15、V16、V22、V32、V35、V36、V37、V40、V43、V45、V50、V51、V59、V62、V66、V67、V71、V72、V76、V78、V83、V84、V87、V88均生長發(fā)育正常,表觀上未見明顯的砷毒害癥狀,但在株高、生物量和穗重上差異顯著。其他不同基因型旱稻表觀不同程度的砷毒害癥狀。并在此基礎上,篩選得到了高吸收基因型旱稻V2、V16和V78,低吸收基因型旱稻V22、V40、V50和V62;2、本研究條件下,高吸收基因旱稻(V2、V16和V78)和低吸收基因旱稻(V22、V40、V50和V62)在根、秸稈、葉鞘、葉片、稻殼和糙米中砷含量均具有顯著差異;隨著土壤中砷濃度的增加,不同器官中砷含量也增加,且砷主要在根中積累,約占60%-80%,糙米中砷累積最少,約占0.10%-0.25%,各器官中砷含量的大小為:糙米稻殼葉葉鞘秸稈根。3、在土壤中砷濃度為20.9 mg·kg-1時,高吸收基因型旱稻根、秸稈、葉鞘中砷含量和低吸收基因型旱稻相應的含量具有明顯的差異,而其葉、稻殼和糙米中砷含量無顯著差異,但隨著土壤砷濃度為58.9 mg·kg-1和82.6 mg·kg-1時,高吸收基因型旱稻和低吸收基因型旱稻在各不同器官中砷含量差異顯著。4、隨著土壤中砷濃度的增加,旱稻根表形成的鐵膜(錳膜)數量減少,且高吸收基因型旱稻的根表鐵膜數量明顯比低吸收旱稻少;砷主要積累在旱稻根部(約65%-85%),少量吸附在根表鐵膜中(約15%-35%),低吸收基因旱稻根表鐵膜中砷含量高于高吸收基因型旱稻。5、本研究條件下,不同基因旱稻的株高、根長、分蘗數、地上物和單株產量均減少;但低吸收基因型旱稻的株高、根長、分蘗數、地上部干重和單株籽粒高于高吸收基因型,且品種間具有顯著的差異。6、本研究條件下,不同基因型旱稻葉片中POD、CAT、APX和GR組成的抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)活性增加,且砷高吸基因型旱稻的酶活性增加的多,使其對砷的耐性增強了,以緩解因砷脅迫而造成的毒害作用。
[Abstract]:Arsenic pollution in farmland is one of the important environmental problems in rice growing area, which endangers human health and ecological environment safety. In this study, 93 upland rice genotypes under different arsenic concentrations (58.9 mg kg-1 and 82.6 mg kg-1) were studied by means of HPLC-ICP-MS, ultraviolet spectrophotometer and photosynthetic apparatus. According to the arsenic tolerance of different genotypes and the characteristics of arsenic uptake, accumulation and transport in the shoot, the high and low uptake genes of upland rice with high absorption gene and low uptake gene were selected. The arsenic uptake genotypes (3 varieties) and the low uptake genotypes (4 varieties) were compared under different arsenic concentrations (20.9 mg kg-1,58.9 mg kg-1 and 82.6 mg kg-1). The content and distribution of arsenic in different organs (root height, root length, tiller number, grain weight, aboveground weight), different organs (root, straw, leaf sheath, leaf, rice husk and brown rice), iron membrane of root surface, antioxidant enzyme system (POD,CAT,APX,) GR) to explore the differences in arsenic uptake, accumulation and distribution and their physiological responses to arsenic stress. The results were as follows: 1 under different arsenic concentration soil conditions, 93 upland rice varieties with different genotypes, V2V3N V4V4V7, V10V15, V16V16, V32V35V32V35CnV40V40V43V45V50V51V59V62V66N and V671V72were collected from Upland rice with different concentrations of arsenic, and the results were as follows: 1. The growth and development of V76V783V83V83V84V87V88 were normal, and there were no obvious symptoms of arsenic toxicity on the surface, but there were significant differences in plant height, biomass and ear weight. The symptoms of arsenic toxicity in other upland rice genotypes were different. On the basis of the above results, high absorption genotype V2V16 and V78were obtained, and low uptake genotypes V22V40V40 V50 and V62were obtained. 2. In this study, the arsenic contents in root, straw, leaf sheath, leaf, husk and brown rice of high absorption gene upland rice (V2N V16 and V78) and low absorption gene upland rice (V22 V40V40 V50 and V62) were significantly different. With the increase of arsenic concentration in the soil, the arsenic content in different organs also increased, and arsenic mainly accumulated in the root, accounting for about 60-80, and the arsenic accumulation in brown rice was the least, about 0.10-0.25. The content of arsenic in each organ was as follows: straw root of leaf sheath of brown rice husk. When arsenic concentration in soil was 20.9 mg kg-1, root and straw of upland rice with high absorption genotype were obtained. The arsenic content in leaf sheath was significantly different from that in upland rice with low uptake genotypes, but there was no significant difference in arsenic content in leaves, rice husks and brown rice, but with the arsenic concentration of 58.9 mg kg-1 and 82.6 mg kg-1 in soil. There were significant differences in arsenic content in different organs between upland rice with high uptake genotype and those with low uptake genotype. 4. With the increase of arsenic concentration in soil, the amount of Fe (mn) film formed on root surface of Upland rice decreased. The amount of iron film in root surface of Upland rice with high uptake genotype was significantly less than that with low uptake rice. Arsenic was mainly accumulated in the root of Upland rice (about 65-85%), and a little adsorbed in the iron film of root surface (about 15-35%). The content of arsenic in the surface iron film of low absorption gene upland rice was higher than that of high absorption type Upland rice. The plant height, root length, tiller number, aboveground matter and yield per plant of Upland rice with different genes decreased. However, the plant height, root length, tiller number, dry weight of shoot and grain per plant of Upland rice with low uptake genotype were higher than those with high uptake genotype, and there were significant differences among varieties. 6. Under the conditions of this study, POD,CAT, in leaves of different genotypes of Upland rice was studied. The antioxidant enzyme system activity of APX and GR increased, and the enzyme activity of arsenic high uptake genotype upland rice increased, which made it more tolerant to arsenic, in order to alleviate the toxic effect caused by arsenic stress.
【學位授予單位】：天津農學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S511.6

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