不同基因型小麥抗旱生理特性及綜合評(píng)價(jià)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-04 10:59
【摘要】：干旱是制約農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要逆境要素之一,受其影響糧食大幅度減產(chǎn),水資源短缺已成為我國(guó)北方小麥高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的主要限制因素。本論文以8個(gè)不同小麥品種為材料,研究了小麥苗期在聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模擬干旱脅迫下根長(zhǎng)度相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率、根表面積相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率、根直徑相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率等3個(gè)指標(biāo)的變化,并以這3個(gè)指標(biāo)作為3個(gè)變量對(duì)8個(gè)不同小麥品種進(jìn)行聚類分析。利用全生育期自然干旱脅迫法,測(cè)定了8個(gè)不同小麥品種的16個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀指標(biāo)、生理指標(biāo)和光合性狀相關(guān)指標(biāo),分析了干旱脅迫下不同小麥品種抗旱性的差異。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過主成分分析法找出了適合鑒定小麥抗旱性的4個(gè)主成分指標(biāo)。主要結(jié)果如下:1、在苗期使用質(zhì)量濃度為200 g/L的PEG-6000對(duì)8個(gè)抗旱性不同的小麥品種模擬干旱,研究其根系生長(zhǎng)變化情況,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):周麥22、華育198、周麥16、百農(nóng)207、洛旱7號(hào)、百農(nóng)AK58和百農(nóng)64在PEG-6000干旱脅迫下根長(zhǎng)度相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率、根表面積相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率均為正值,即在PEG-6000干旱脅迫下根生長(zhǎng)受到抑制,其中百農(nóng)64、百農(nóng)AK58、洛旱7號(hào)、百農(nóng)207在干旱脅迫下根長(zhǎng)度相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率、根表面積相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率變化較小,表明其抗旱性較強(qiáng);周麥18的根長(zhǎng)度相對(duì)生長(zhǎng)率、根表面積相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率均為負(fù)值,表明經(jīng)PEG-6000處理后,周麥18根系生長(zhǎng)反而加快,可能與周18的品種特性有關(guān);8個(gè)小麥品種根系直徑相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率均為負(fù)值,表明受到干旱脅迫后促進(jìn)小麥根系直徑生長(zhǎng);通過聚類分析把8個(gè)品種分為四類:第一類包括百農(nóng)AK58與百農(nóng)64;第二類包括百農(nóng)207、洛旱7號(hào)、周麥16;第三類包括華育198和周麥22;第四類包括周麥18。2、在小麥成熟后進(jìn)行室內(nèi)考種,測(cè)定其在干旱脅迫和對(duì)照條件下的農(nóng)藝形狀指標(biāo),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):8個(gè)抗旱性不同的小麥品種在大田干旱脅迫下各農(nóng)藝性狀指標(biāo)均下降,但下降幅度不同,下降幅度最大的是產(chǎn)量性狀,下降幅度最小的是株高性狀;根據(jù)干旱脅迫下不同品種的抗旱指數(shù)得出,抗旱指數(shù)高的品種依次為百農(nóng)AK58、周麥22、百農(nóng)207,分別為0.96、0.94、0.90。3、采集在干旱脅迫和對(duì)照條件下的8個(gè)不同小麥品種孕穗期的的旗葉,對(duì)其進(jìn)行SOD、POD、CAT活性和可溶性蛋白含量指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):8個(gè)抗旱性不同的小麥品種受到干旱脅迫后引起旗葉SOD、POD、CAT活性下降。其中華育198在干旱脅迫下SOD活性下降最大,而百農(nóng)207和百農(nóng)AK58的SOD活性下降較小;8個(gè)品種POD活性下降幅度差異不大;CAT活性下降最大的是華育198,下降最小的是洛旱7號(hào);8個(gè)小麥品種旗葉的可溶蛋白含量在干旱脅迫下同樣呈下降趨勢(shì),洛旱7號(hào)下降幅度最小,華育198下降幅度最大,干旱脅迫下百農(nóng)AK58和百農(nóng)207可溶性蛋白含量較高。4、使用葉綠素?zé)晒鈨x對(duì)小麥旗葉熒光參數(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)定,結(jié)果表明:干旱脅迫下8個(gè)小麥品種Fo均有不同程度增加,其中華育198的Fo增加較多,即對(duì)其光合反應(yīng)中心破壞程度較大,而洛旱7號(hào)增加幅度較小,即對(duì)其光合反應(yīng)中心破壞程度較小;8個(gè)小麥品種在干旱脅迫后其Fm降低,但降低幅度不同,周麥18和百農(nóng)AK58下降幅度較小,華育198的Fm下降幅度較大;干旱脅迫下8個(gè)小麥品種Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm均有所下降,Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm下降幅度較大的是華育198、周麥22、洛旱7號(hào),表明干旱脅迫下其光合效率受到抑制。5、采用主成分分析法對(duì)8個(gè)抗旱性不同小麥品種的株高、穗長(zhǎng)、旗葉長(zhǎng)、旗葉寬等16個(gè)性狀進(jìn)行主成分分析,獲得4個(gè)鑒定小麥抗旱性的主成分指標(biāo),分別是千粒重、畝穗數(shù)、過氧化氫酶、旗葉長(zhǎng)。
[Abstract]:Drought is one of the main factors restricting the development of agriculture, which is influenced by the large grain output and the shortage of water resources has become the main limiting factor of high and stable yield of wheat in northern China. The relative growth rate of root length, the relative growth rate of root surface area and the relative growth rate of root diameter were studied in wheat seedling stage under simulated drought stress of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). The cluster analysis of 8 different wheat varieties was carried out with 3 variables as three variables. Sixteen agronomic characters, physiological indexes and photosynthetic characteristics of 8 different wheat varieties were determined by natural drought stress method in the whole growing period, and the difference of drought resistance of different wheat varieties under drought stress was analyzed. On the basis of this, four main component indexes suitable for identifying drought resistance of wheat were found through principal component analysis. The main results were as follows: 1. In seedling stage, PEG-6000 with a mass concentration of 200g/ L was used to simulate drought in 8 wheat varieties with different drought resistance, and the changes of root system growth were studied. The relative growth rate of root length and the relative growth rate of root surface area under PEG-6000 drought stress were positive, that is, root growth was inhibited under the drought stress of PEG-6000, among which, the relative growth rate of root length was increased under drought stress. The relative growth rate of root surface area was relatively small, indicating that its drought resistance was strong; the relative growth rate of root length and the relative growth rate of root surface area were negative, indicating that after PEG-6000 treatment, the growth of root system was accelerated, possibly related to the variety characteristic of week 18; The relative growth rate of root diameter of eight wheat varieties was negative, indicating that the growth of root diameter of wheat was promoted after drought stress, and eight varieties were divided into four groups by cluster analysis. The third group consists of Chinese Yuyu 198 and Zhou M22; the fourth group includes the week wheat 18. 2, the indoor test species are conducted after the wheat is mature, and the agronomic shape indexes under drought stress and control conditions are determined, The results showed that the indexes of agronomic characters of wheat varieties with different drought resistance were all lower in field drought stress, but the decline was different, the maximal yield character and the lowest amplitude were the high traits, and the drought resistance index of different varieties under drought stress was obtained. The indexes of SOD, POD, CAT activity and soluble protein content of eight different wheat varieties under drought stress and control conditions were determined by the flag leaves at booting stage of 8 different wheat varieties under drought stress and control conditions. The results showed that the activity of SOD, POD and CAT in flag leaves was decreased after drought stress. Under drought stress, the activity of SOD decreased to the maximum, while the activity of SOD decreased slightly, and the difference between POD activity and CAT activity was not significant. The soluble protein content of eight wheat varieties flag leaf was also decreased under drought stress, the lower amplitude of Luohan 7 was the lowest, the decreasing amplitude of Hua Yu 198 was the largest, and the soluble protein content of Baiannong AK58 and Baiann207 was higher under drought stress. The fluorescence parameters of wheat flag leaf were determined by chlorophyll fluorometer. The results showed that there was an increase in Fo of eight wheat varieties under drought stress, and the number of Fo increased more in China, that is, the degree of damage to photosynthetic reaction center was larger, and the increase of Ldrought 7 was smaller. That is, the degree of damage to the photosynthetic reaction center was small, and the yield of the eight wheat varieties decreased after drought stress, but the decreasing amplitude was different, the decreasing amplitude of the weekly wheat 18 and the hundred peasants AK58 was small, and the yield of the wheat cultivars in China was greatly reduced. The Fv/ Fo and Fv/ Fm of the eight wheat varieties were decreased under drought stress. The decrease of Fv/ Fo and Fv/ Fm was significantly higher than that of F/ F and Fv/ Fm, which indicated that the photosynthetic efficiency was inhibited under drought stress. The main component analysis was used to analyze the 16 characters of 8 drought-resistant wheat varieties with different drought resistance, spike length, flag leaf length and flag leaf width. Four main component indexes for identifying drought resistance of wheat were obtained: 1000-grain weight, number of ears per mu, catalase and leaf length of flag leaf.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S512.1
[Abstract]:Drought is one of the main factors restricting the development of agriculture, which is influenced by the large grain output and the shortage of water resources has become the main limiting factor of high and stable yield of wheat in northern China. The relative growth rate of root length, the relative growth rate of root surface area and the relative growth rate of root diameter were studied in wheat seedling stage under simulated drought stress of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). The cluster analysis of 8 different wheat varieties was carried out with 3 variables as three variables. Sixteen agronomic characters, physiological indexes and photosynthetic characteristics of 8 different wheat varieties were determined by natural drought stress method in the whole growing period, and the difference of drought resistance of different wheat varieties under drought stress was analyzed. On the basis of this, four main component indexes suitable for identifying drought resistance of wheat were found through principal component analysis. The main results were as follows: 1. In seedling stage, PEG-6000 with a mass concentration of 200g/ L was used to simulate drought in 8 wheat varieties with different drought resistance, and the changes of root system growth were studied. The relative growth rate of root length and the relative growth rate of root surface area under PEG-6000 drought stress were positive, that is, root growth was inhibited under the drought stress of PEG-6000, among which, the relative growth rate of root length was increased under drought stress. The relative growth rate of root surface area was relatively small, indicating that its drought resistance was strong; the relative growth rate of root length and the relative growth rate of root surface area were negative, indicating that after PEG-6000 treatment, the growth of root system was accelerated, possibly related to the variety characteristic of week 18; The relative growth rate of root diameter of eight wheat varieties was negative, indicating that the growth of root diameter of wheat was promoted after drought stress, and eight varieties were divided into four groups by cluster analysis. The third group consists of Chinese Yuyu 198 and Zhou M22; the fourth group includes the week wheat 18. 2, the indoor test species are conducted after the wheat is mature, and the agronomic shape indexes under drought stress and control conditions are determined, The results showed that the indexes of agronomic characters of wheat varieties with different drought resistance were all lower in field drought stress, but the decline was different, the maximal yield character and the lowest amplitude were the high traits, and the drought resistance index of different varieties under drought stress was obtained. The indexes of SOD, POD, CAT activity and soluble protein content of eight different wheat varieties under drought stress and control conditions were determined by the flag leaves at booting stage of 8 different wheat varieties under drought stress and control conditions. The results showed that the activity of SOD, POD and CAT in flag leaves was decreased after drought stress. Under drought stress, the activity of SOD decreased to the maximum, while the activity of SOD decreased slightly, and the difference between POD activity and CAT activity was not significant. The soluble protein content of eight wheat varieties flag leaf was also decreased under drought stress, the lower amplitude of Luohan 7 was the lowest, the decreasing amplitude of Hua Yu 198 was the largest, and the soluble protein content of Baiannong AK58 and Baiann207 was higher under drought stress. The fluorescence parameters of wheat flag leaf were determined by chlorophyll fluorometer. The results showed that there was an increase in Fo of eight wheat varieties under drought stress, and the number of Fo increased more in China, that is, the degree of damage to photosynthetic reaction center was larger, and the increase of Ldrought 7 was smaller. That is, the degree of damage to the photosynthetic reaction center was small, and the yield of the eight wheat varieties decreased after drought stress, but the decreasing amplitude was different, the decreasing amplitude of the weekly wheat 18 and the hundred peasants AK58 was small, and the yield of the wheat cultivars in China was greatly reduced. The Fv/ Fo and Fv/ Fm of the eight wheat varieties were decreased under drought stress. The decrease of Fv/ Fo and Fv/ Fm was significantly higher than that of F/ F and Fv/ Fm, which indicated that the photosynthetic efficiency was inhibited under drought stress. The main component analysis was used to analyze the 16 characters of 8 drought-resistant wheat varieties with different drought resistance, spike length, flag leaf length and flag leaf width. Four main component indexes for identifying drought resistance of wheat were obtained: 1000-grain weight, number of ears per mu, catalase and leaf length of flag leaf.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S512.1
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