【摘要】：為快速篩選磷高效基因型小麥品種,以黃淮麥區(qū)112份小麥品種(系)為材料,設(shè)置正常磷和低磷2個磷處理,通過大田池栽試驗,對小麥成株期19個與產(chǎn)量及磷效率相關(guān)性狀進行分析,并以濟麥22為對照,篩選磷效率和產(chǎn)量均表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異的磷高效基因型。結(jié)果表明,與正常磷處理相比,低磷條件下,小麥的8個產(chǎn)量相關(guān)指標(biāo)(單株穗數(shù)、千粒重、株高、穗長、可育小穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)、單株粒重和地上部干重)和3個磷積累量指標(biāo)(單株籽粒、秸稈和地上部總磷積累量)均顯著下降,而3個磷利用效率指標(biāo)(單株籽粒、秸稈和地上部總磷利用效率)均顯著增加,說明低磷脅迫使小麥成株期的產(chǎn)量和磷積累量大大降低,但明顯提高磷利用效率。相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),株高、可育小穗數(shù)和單株粒重與秸稈和地上部單株含磷量、3個磷積累量指標(biāo)均呈顯著正相關(guān),與2個磷利用效率指標(biāo)(單株秸稈和地上部總磷利用效率)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P≤0.01),可以作為磷效率的初步快評指標(biāo)。正常磷處理下,篩選出17個磷高效基因型,其中,旱選H28、2010品4891和周麥28的單株粒重比濟麥22分別高36.07%、31.96%和37.44%,地上部總磷利用效率比濟麥22分別高出49.34%、49.42%和33.05%;低磷處理下,篩選出10份磷高效基因型,其中,河農(nóng)826的單株粒重和地上部總磷利用效率分別比濟麥22高37.69%和20.42%;旱選H23、旱選H28和徐麥856在正常磷和低磷處理下均被鑒定為磷高效基因型,可能具有較高的育種價值。
[Abstract]:In order to quickly screen wheat varieties with high phosphorus efficiency, 112 wheat varieties (lines) in Huanghuai wheat region were treated with two phosphorus treatments, normal phosphorus and low phosphorus, and the experiment was carried out in the field pool. Nineteen traits related to yield and phosphorus efficiency in adult wheat were analyzed, and the P efficient genotypes with excellent P efficiency and yield were screened with Jimai 22 as control. The results showed that, compared with the normal phosphorus treatment, 8 relative indexes of wheat yield (ear number per plant, 1000-grain weight, plant height, ear length, number of fertile spikelets, number of grains per spike) were obtained under low phosphorus condition. Grain weight per plant and dry weight of shoot and three indexes of phosphorus accumulation (accumulation of phosphorus per plant, straw and shoot) were significantly decreased, while three indexes of P use efficiency (grain per plant) were significantly decreased. Both straw and shoot total phosphorus use efficiency increased significantly, indicating that low phosphorus stress significantly reduced the yield and phosphorus accumulation of wheat at adult stage, but significantly increased phosphorus use efficiency. Correlation analysis showed that plant height, number of fertile spikelets and grain weight per plant were significantly positively correlated with phosphorus content of straw and shoot plant, and three indexes of phosphorus accumulation. There was a significant negative correlation (P 鈮，

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