動(dòng)物源大腸桿菌、沙門(mén)氏菌和金黃色葡萄球菌耐藥表型與氯霉素類(lèi)抗菌藥物耐藥基因型的研究
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE: Escherichia coli (E.coli) is widely distributed in nature, and most of them are found in humans and animals. Today, E.coli is one of the important indicators of antibiotic resistance in livestock and poultry. S. aureus is one of the most widely distributed pyogenic bacteria in nature, which can cause local abscess, sepsis, sepsis and so on. In recent decades, in order to prevent and treat bacterial diseases, promote animal development and sepsis. A large number of antibiotics are used in intensive farms or individual farmers. The long-term, widespread, unreasonable use of antibiotics, as well as the pressure of antibiotic selection and other reasons for the increasing resistance of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus strains, drug resistance spectrum continues to expand, and even some strains have not yet been used. Chloramphenicol antibiotics are a kind of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Because of the strong toxicity of chloramphenicol, chloramphenicol was listed as a veterinary prohibited drug in 2002. Flufenicol, as a new generation of chloramphenicol antibiotics, is widely used in animal bacterial diseases. To study the epidemic situation of drug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the distribution characteristics of chloramphenicol-resistant genes, and to analyze the correlation, is of positive significance to clinical veterinary and public health, and to control E.coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. The development of bacterial resistance is of great significance in guiding clinical veterinary drug use and laying a foundation for further study on the mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance. Methods: From September 2014 to March 2016, 13 farms (households) in Beibei District, Hechuan District, Rongchang District and Dijiang District of Chongqing City were selected to collect colic poles respectively. Samples of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were identified by Gram staining and PCR. The susceptibility of 30 antibiotics to Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by disk diffusion method. Resistance to chloramphenicol antibiotics in Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus: flor, CLM A, Fex A, Fex B, cat, PEX A and CFR were detected by PCR. The relationship and coincidence rate between resistance phenotype and resistance genotype were analyzed and synthesized. A total of 1003 isolates of Escherichia coli and 695 isolates of Escherichia coli were isolated from Rongchang and Dianjiang counties. The isolation rate was 69.3%, of which 393 were chicken *, 194 from pig origin, 108 from cattle, 867 from Salmonella, 66 isolates from Salmonella, and 7.6% *, 31 of chicken origin, 26 from pig origin, 26 from bovine, and Staphylococcus aureus samples. A total of 103 isolates were isolated, with a separation rate of 11.1% * of which 64 strains were from chicken, 29 from pigs and 7 from cows. The total number of strains was 864. Drug sensitivity test showed that Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus showed different degrees of resistance to 30 kinds of antibiotics. The average drug resistance rate of E. coli was between 6.2%~91.4% and E. coli to Penicillium. The resistance rates of Salmonella spp. to penicillin G, ampicillin and other antibiotics were between 9.1% and 100.0%. The resistance rates of Salmonella spp. to penicillin G, ampicillin and other five antibiotics were above 85%. The resistance rates to ofloxacin, ceftazidime and amikacin were below 20%. The average resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin G, ampicillin and other four antibiotics was more than 70%. The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to ceftazidime, cefazolin and other eight antibiotics was less than 20%. Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus showed different degrees of resistance. There were 2 strains with the highest 29-resistant E.coli and 1 strain with the lowest 0-resistant E.coli, 1 strain with the highest 27-resistant Salmonella and 1 strain with the lowest 4-resistant Salmonella, 1 strain with the highest 25-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 3 strains with the lowest 2-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The resistance rate of Enterobacter spp. to 30 kinds of antibiotics was generally higher in Dinjiang County than in Beibei, Hechuan and Rongchang districts; Salmonella showed different degrees of resistance to different antibiotics in different districts; Staphylococcus aureus and Beibei isolates were generally lower than in Hechuan, Rongchang and Dinjiang districts. The resistance rates of Escherichia coli from different animal sources were generally higher than that of pig * *, and the source of swine was generally higher than that of cattle. The distribution rate of Salmonella isolates from different animal sources was similar to E.coli * the highest resistance rate was found in chickens, followed by pigs, and lowest in cattle. The drug resistance rate of E. coli isolated from different seasons was higher in spring than in summer, higher in autumn than in summer, and slightly lower in winter. In autumn, there was no significant difference in the resistance rate in winter. The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in different seasons was similar to that of Escherichia coli. Among 66 strains of Salmonella spp., 45 strains of flor gene were detected, the detection rate was 68.2%; 41 strains of CLM A gene were detected, the detection rate was 62.1%; 52 strains of cat gene were detected, the detection rate was 78.8%; 2 strains of CFR gene were detected, the detection rate was 3.0%. 28 strains of flor gene were detected in Staphylococcus aureus, the detection rate was 27.2%; 33 strains of CLM A gene was detected, the detection rate was 32.0%; 45 strains of t gene, 43.7%; 1 strain of CFR gene, 1.0%; 43 strains of Fex A gene, 41.7%. The coincidence rate was 59.6% for 356 strains, 93.5% for Salmonella, and 67.1% for Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus did not detect resistant genes, and the coincidence rate between resistant phenotypes and resistant genotypes was 59.6%. The coincidence rate was 69.4%. Salmonella coincidence rate was 50.0%. Staphylococcus aureus coincidence rate was 33.3%. The isolation rate of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus was 69.3%, Salmonella was 7.6%, Staphylococcus aureus was 11.1%. Bacteria, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to 30 kinds of antibiotics in varying degrees, and most of them were multidrug resistant. The resistance to penicillin G, vancomycin and other four kinds of antibiotics was the most serious, and the resistance rate was higher than 70%; the resistance rate to amikacin was lower than 20%. The detection rates of flor, CLM A and cat genes in S. aureus and S. aureus were relatively high, among which CLM A was the most resistant gene. The coincidence rates of resistant strains and their resistant phenotypes were not 100%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:S852.61
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