【摘要】：藏茵陳是中華民族藥中的瑰寶,也是藏藥八珍之一,它是藏藥中最具特色的用于治療肝膽疾病、熱癥及血液病的常用藥物,臨床上用于治療黃疸性肝炎、病毒性肝炎、膽囊炎等,具有重要的應(yīng)用前景與開(kāi)發(fā)利用價(jià)值。藏茵陳的資源植物種類特別多,可以作為藏茵陳使用的藥用植物主要包括龍膽科獐牙菜屬、花錨屬、扁蕾屬、喉毛花屬、肋柱花屬和虎耳草科虎耳草屬的多種植物。川西獐牙菜是藏茵陳的基原植物之一,野生的該植物生于中國(guó)青藏高原海拔2000～5000米,主要分布于西藏、云南、四川西北部和青海西南部。而且藏茵陳川西獐牙菜的野生資源產(chǎn)量越來(lái)越少,藥材市場(chǎng)對(duì)其需求量卻越來(lái)越大。隨著對(duì)野生藏茵陳川西獐牙菜需求量的增加以及在開(kāi)花期大量的采收,野生資源正在枯竭。近年來(lái),對(duì)藏茵陳川西獐牙菜藥理藥效及其有效化學(xué)成分的研究備受關(guān)注,然而在分子水平對(duì)該植物的研究較少。本文從表型性狀、基因表達(dá)模式及有效藥用成分含量三方面對(duì)藏茵陳川西獐牙菜進(jìn)行了初步的研究,為將來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)利用該植物奠定基礎(chǔ)。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)以藏茵陳基原植物之一川西獐牙菜為材料,對(duì)其株高、主莖節(jié)間長(zhǎng)度及莖生葉長(zhǎng)寬比共3個(gè)表型性狀進(jìn)行測(cè)量分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)株高和莖生葉長(zhǎng)寬比在居群間存在極顯著差異。(2)通過(guò)藏茵陳川西獐牙菜轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)的分析,鑒定出環(huán)烯醚萜類生物合成的3個(gè)代謝路徑相關(guān)的39個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄本,可編碼24種酶。對(duì)環(huán)烯醚萜類生物合成路徑中相關(guān)基因在不同組織中的表達(dá)模式分析發(fā)現(xiàn),各個(gè)基因在不同組織中的表達(dá)具有顯著差異。對(duì)相關(guān)化合物在不同組織中含量的測(cè)定顯示,不同組織中活性化合物含量與相關(guān)生物合成基因的表達(dá)模式并沒(méi)有相關(guān)性。這也表明環(huán)烯醚萜類生物合成路徑中基因的表達(dá)與代謝物的積累具有復(fù)雜性。(3)對(duì)青海省和四川省的川西獐牙菜中3個(gè)不同的有效藥用成分含量進(jìn)行了測(cè)定,這3種化合物為龍膽苦苷(Gentiopicrin)、獐牙菜苷(Sweroside)、獐牙菜苦苷(Swertiamarin),結(jié)果表明龍膽苦苷的含量最高。此外對(duì)同一藥用成分在不同株之間的含量進(jìn)行了方差分析,結(jié)果表明差異極顯著。而且,不同地點(diǎn)間其含量也有差別。本研究通過(guò)表型性狀、基因表達(dá)模式及有效藥用成分含量對(duì)藏茵陳川西獐牙菜進(jìn)行分析,豐富了藏茵陳川西獐牙菜的表型、有效藥用成分含量及基因調(diào)控信息,為挖掘調(diào)控植株表型及有效藥用成分相關(guān)酶基因及保護(hù)有限的資源打下基礎(chǔ),并為將來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)利用民族藥奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Zang Yin Chen is a treasure of Chinese medicine and one of the eight treasures of Tibetan medicine. It is the most characteristic medicine used in the treatment of liver and bile diseases, fever and hematological diseases. It is used clinically to treat jaundice hepatitis and viral hepatitis. Cholecystitis has important application prospect and development value. There are many species of resource plants of Artemisia artemisiae. The medicinal plants that can be used as Artemisia include Swertia of Gentianaceae, Anchorage, Flower, Flower, Costellaria, Saxifraga and Saxifraga. Swertia Swertia is one of the basic plants of Artemisia sinensis. The wild plant is located at 2000 ~ 5000 m above sea level on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China. It is mainly distributed in Tibet, Yunnan, northwest Sichuan and southwest Qinghai. The wild resource production of Swertia capillaris is less and less, but the demand of medicinal materials market is increasing. With the increase of the demand for wild Swertia capillaris and the harvest in blooming period, wild resources are being exhausted. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the pharmacological effects and effective chemical constituents of Swertia tinctoria, but little has been done on this plant at molecular level. In this paper, the phenotypic characters, gene expression patterns and content of effective medicinal components of Swertia capillaris were studied in order to lay a foundation for the development and utilization of this plant in the future. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) three phenotypic characters including plant height, main stem Internode length and stem leaf width ratio were measured and analyzed by using Swertia mustii, one of the original plants of Artemisia sinensis, as a material. It was found that the plant height and the ratio of stem and leaf length to width were significantly different among populations. (2) based on the analysis of transcriptional data of Swertia capillaris, 39 transcripts related to the metabolic pathways of iridoterpene biosynthesis were identified, which could encode 24 enzymes. By analyzing the expression patterns of genes related to the synthesis pathway of iridoid terpenes in different tissues, it was found that there were significant differences in the expression of each gene in different tissues. The determination of the content of related compounds in different tissues showed that there was no correlation between the content of active compounds in different tissues and the expression pattern of related biosynthesis genes. It also indicated that the gene expression and metabolites accumulation in the biosynthesis pathway of iridoid terpenes were complicated. (3) the contents of three different effective medicinal components in Swertia koraiensis were determined in Qinghai Province and Sichuan Province. The three compounds were gentiopicroside (Gentiopicrin), Swertia (Sweroside), (Sweroside), (Swertiamarin),. The results showed that the content of gentiopicrin was the highest. In addition, the variance analysis of the content of the same medicinal ingredient among different plants showed that the difference was very significant. Moreover, there are differences in their contents among different sites. In this study, phenotypic characters, gene expression patterns and effective medicinal components were analyzed to enrich the phenotypic, effective medicinal component content and gene regulation information of Swertia capillaris. It will lay a foundation for the regulation of plant phenotype and effective medicinal components related enzyme genes and the protection of limited resources, and lay a foundation for the development and utilization of national medicine in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S567.219;Q943.2

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