【摘要】：油棕(Elaeis guineensis),一種熱帶油料作物,從它的果肉中壓榨出的棕櫚油含量高達(dá)50%以上,在化工、食品和生物能源等眾多產(chǎn)業(yè)中具有非常重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。然而棕櫚油作為食用植物油品質(zhì)較差,其中接近一半以上的是飽和脂肪酸——棕櫚酸,棕櫚酸過多對人體健康不利。除了脂肪酸,油棕還富含天然維生素E,維生素E能夠有效防止多不飽和脂肪酸的過氧化,作為植物油的附加值,也被越來越多的研究者廣泛關(guān)注�，F(xiàn)今,隨著生物技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,關(guān)于油棕脂肪酸和維生素E相關(guān)的研究工作陸續(xù)展開。本研究對海南椰子研究所油棕種質(zhì)資源圃中161份油棕果肉脂肪酸組分和維生素E的含量進(jìn)行了測定,對該油棕種質(zhì)資源進(jìn)行評價(jià),獲得了部分優(yōu)異油棕種質(zhì),為挖掘優(yōu)良基因、改良棕櫚油品質(zhì)等工作打下了基礎(chǔ)。另外,本研究通過反向遺傳學(xué)的研究方法,即在擬南芥中超表達(dá)油棕脂肪酸合成相關(guān)的FatB1,FatB2,FatB3和維生素E合成相關(guān)的HGGT,對這些基因的功能進(jìn)行了初步的分析。得到的主要結(jié)果如下:1.161份不同單株油棕果肉的脂肪酸和維生素E含量均存在豐富且連續(xù)的變異,絕大部分性狀都呈現(xiàn)出近正態(tài)分布,這為后期通過關(guān)聯(lián)分析尋找影響這些性狀遺傳變異的工作奠定了基礎(chǔ)。2.在野生型擬南芥中超表達(dá)油棕FATB家族的FatB1,FatB2,Fat B3基因,發(fā)現(xiàn)FatB1和FatB2的轉(zhuǎn)基因株系的種子與野生型相比,棕櫚酸含量分別提高了3.5倍和4.1倍,FatB3的轉(zhuǎn)基因株系的種子與野生型相比,新產(chǎn)生了月桂酸和豆蔻酸,棕櫚酸含量提高了1.2倍。推測油棕果肉棕櫚酸的積累可能受到FatB1,FatB2和FatB3不同程度的影響,另外FatB3還促進(jìn)了中鏈脂肪酸的生成。3.油棕HGGT基因在擬南芥中超表達(dá),相對于野生型,新產(chǎn)生了生育三烯酚,維生素E的總量提高了38%~73%,新產(chǎn)生的α-生育三烯酚含量最高僅24 mg/kg�？梢姵磉_(dá)油棕HGGT主要引起的是α-生育三烯酚的積累。相比于其他作物,超表達(dá)油棕HGGT基因的似乎對總維生素E和α-生育三烯酚含量影響有限。4.探究油棕果肉脂肪酸組分與維生素各類型E含量之間的相關(guān)性,經(jīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)α-生育酚、總生育三烯酚和總維生素E均與油酸呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān),α-生育酚與棕櫚酸呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);δ-生育三烯酚、γ-生育三烯酚、總生育三烯酚和總維生素E均與總含油量呈極顯著或顯著正相關(guān)。表明獲得集低棕櫚酸、高油酸、高含油量以及高維生素E含量等眾多優(yōu)良的綜合品質(zhì)于一身的油棕種質(zhì)資源是有可能的。
[Abstract]:Oil palm oil (Elaeis guineensis), a tropical oil crop, is squeezed out of its pulp by more than 50% palm oil, which is of great economic value in many industries, such as chemical industry, food industry and bioenergy industry. However, the quality of palm oil as edible vegetable oil is poor, more than half of which is saturated fatty acid-palmitic acid, too much palmitic acid is harmful to human health. In addition to fatty acids, oil palm is also rich in natural vitamin E, vitamin E can effectively prevent the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, as the added value of vegetable oils, has been widely concerned by more and more researchers. Nowadays, with the rapid development of biotechnology, researches on oil palm fatty acids and vitamin E have been carried out one after another. In this study, 161 oil palm germplasm nursery samples from Hainan Coconut Research Institute were tested for fatty acid composition and vitamin E content in the flesh of oil palm, and some excellent oil palm germplasm were obtained. The improvement of palm oil quality and other work laid the foundation. In addition, the functions of these genes were preliminarily analyzed by reverse genetic methods, namely, FatB1, FatB2FATB3 and vitamin E synthesis related to fatty acid synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis thaliana). The main results were as follows: the fatty acid and vitamin E contents of different plants were rich and continuous variation, and most of the characters were nearly normal distribution. This laid a foundation for the work of searching for genetic variation of these traits by association analysis in later stage. 2. 2. In wild Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis thaliana), the FatB1-FatB2FATB3 gene of oil palm FATB family was overexpressed. It was found that the palmitic acid content of transgenic lines of FatB1 and FatB2 increased 3.5 times and 4.1 times than that of wild type, respectively. Lauric acid and nutmeg acid were produced, palmitic acid content increased 1.2 times. It is suggested that the accumulation of palmitic acid in oil palm pulp may be affected by FatB1, FatB2 and FatB3, and that FatB3 also promotes the production of middle chain fatty acids. The oil palm HGGT gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with the wild type, it produced new fertility trienol, the total amount of vitamin E increased 38%, and the newly produced 偽 -fertility trienol content was only 24 mg / kg. It can be seen that the accumulation of 偽-fertility trienol is the main cause of overexpression of oil palm HGGT. Compared with other crops, overexpression of oil palm HGGT gene seems to have a limited effect on total vitamin E and 偽 -fertility trienol. To explore the correlation between fatty acid composition of oil palm pulp and vitamin E content, 偽 -tocopherol was found by analysis. Total fertility trienol and total vitamin E were significantly or extremely positively correlated with oleic acid, 偽 -tocopherol negatively correlated with palmitic acid, 未 -fertility trienol, 緯 -fertility trienol, and 偽 -tocopherol were negatively correlated with oleic acid. Total fertility trienol and total vitamin E were significantly or positively correlated with total oil content. It is possible to obtain oil palm germplasm resources with low palmitic acid, high oleic acid, high oil content and high vitamin E content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S565.9

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