【摘要】：本文對(duì)自行采集和安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)森林菌物標(biāo)本室(AAUF)的海南和江西省斑痣盤(pán)菌科標(biāo)本進(jìn)行分類(lèi)研究和分子鑒定。對(duì)于該科的分類(lèi)采用現(xiàn)代菌物分類(lèi)技術(shù),從形態(tài)解剖學(xué)、生理生態(tài)學(xué)、生物學(xué)和個(gè)體發(fā)育學(xué)等方面進(jìn)行較全面系統(tǒng)的研究。隨著現(xiàn)代分子技術(shù)的發(fā)展,在個(gè)體表型研究鑒定的基礎(chǔ)上,本文以現(xiàn)代分子生物技術(shù),基于ITS、28SrDNA序列以及二基因的結(jié)合序列分別構(gòu)建斑痣盤(pán)菌科(Rhytsmataceae Chevall.)的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù),探討了該科屬間、屬內(nèi)種間及種內(nèi)的親緣關(guān)系和遺傳多樣性。以Darker(1976)、CannonMinter(1983,1986)、Johnston(1986)等人提出的分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)原則為主要依據(jù),對(duì)海南和江西兩省斑痣盤(pán)菌科標(biāo)本進(jìn)行分類(lèi)學(xué)研究,共查明齒裂菌屬(Coccomyces)、特里爾盤(pán)菌屬(Terriera)、散斑殼屬(Lophodermium)、瑪莎盤(pán)菌屬(Marthamyces)、斑痣盤(pán)菌屬(Rhytisma)、黑皮盤(pán)菌屬(Meloderma)6屬13個(gè)種,其中新種5個(gè),包括山銅材齒裂菌(Coccomyces chuniae)、榕特里爾盤(pán)菌(Terriera fici)、長(zhǎng)特里爾盤(pán)菌(T.elongata)、薔薇特里爾盤(pán)菌(T.rosae)、稀疏特里爾盤(pán)菌(T.sparsa);已知種8個(gè),分別為粗絲齒裂菌(Coccomyces crassissimus)、中國(guó)齒裂菌(C.sinensis)、南方散斑殼(Lophodermium australe)、異枝散斑殼(L.heterocladum)、喬松散斑殼(L.pini-excelsae)、中國(guó)瑪莎盤(pán)菌(Marthamyces chinensis)、德斯馬澤黑皮盤(pán)菌(Meloderma desmazieri)和喜馬斑痣盤(pán)菌(Rhytisma himalense)。對(duì)新種本文提供了形態(tài)學(xué)的宏觀和微觀圖片、手繪點(diǎn)線圖以及詳細(xì)文字描述,寄主和生境的說(shuō)明,并加以討論;對(duì)中國(guó)已知種進(jìn)行了形態(tài)學(xué)特征的簡(jiǎn)要描述和分析,并進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充性的研究。采用CTAB法對(duì)供試菌株進(jìn)行基因組DNA的提取、鑒定純化并測(cè)序以及在GeBank中下載查找選取合適的序列,以柔膜菌目中的Leotiia lubrica(AY144561)為外群,分別建立ITS序列、28SrDNA序列以及ITS與28SrDNA結(jié)合序列的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)。通過(guò)系統(tǒng)樹(shù)分析可以看出:在斑痣盤(pán)菌科屬間的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系中,區(qū)別斑痣盤(pán)菌科各屬的最重要特征是子囊果形狀及開(kāi)口方式和子囊孢子的形狀,而子囊果的埋生深度和側(cè)絲的形態(tài)不是關(guān)鍵的區(qū)別特征;種間關(guān)系中,子囊果的埋生深度和外部形狀及開(kāi)口機(jī)制(有無(wú)唇細(xì)胞、擬緣絲等)、側(cè)絲的特征(膨大,分支與否等)最為重要,寄主種類(lèi)也是較重要的特征;在種內(nèi)關(guān)系中,寄主種類(lèi)(草本植物、針葉樹(shù)和闊葉樹(shù))和子囊的形狀(圓柱狀、棍棒狀、子囊頂端)、子囊孢子的形態(tài)都是重要的分類(lèi)特征。但是,在分析的過(guò)程中也存在著不一致之處。我們認(rèn)為對(duì)于菌物的分類(lèi)方法,不能僅僅采用單一的方法。而應(yīng)該采用多性狀的綜合分析技術(shù),對(duì)菌物的形態(tài)學(xué)、發(fā)育學(xué)、生理生化特性、遺傳學(xué)以及分子生物學(xué)等特征進(jìn)行全面的分析,獲得更加合理與科學(xué)的分類(lèi)研究結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the taxonomy and molecular identification of the (AAUF) specimens from the forest fungi of Anhui Agricultural University (Anhui Agricultural University) in Hainan and Jiangxi Province were studied. The classification of the family is based on the modern technology of microorganism classification, and a comprehensive and systematic study on morphology, anatomy, physiology and ecology, biology and ontogeny is carried out. With the development of modern molecular technology and on the basis of individual phenotypic identification, (Rhytsmataceae Chevall.) was constructed based on ITS28s rDNA sequence and two gene binding sequences by modern molecular biotechnology. The phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity among families, genera and species were studied. Based on the principle of taxonomic system proposed by Darker (1976) Cannon Minter (1983-1986) and Johnston (1986), the taxonomic study was carried out on the specimens of Phaeidae in Hainan and Jiangxi provinces. A total of 13 species of 6 genera, 6 genera of (Coccomyces), (Coccomyces), (Terriera), (Terriera), (Lophodermium), (Lophodermium), (Marthamyces), (Rhytisma), (Meloderma), were identified, among which 5 new species were found. Including (Coccomyces chuniae), (Terriera fici), T.rosae, T.sparsa, 8 species, They are (Coccomyces crassissimus), L.heterocladum, L.pini-excelsae, (Meloderma desmazieri) and (Rhytisma himalense)., respectively. In this paper, macroscopical and microscopic pictures of morphology, hand-drawn dot diagrams and detailed description of characters, hosts and habitats of new species are provided and discussed, and morphological characteristics of known species in China are briefly described and analyzed. A supplementary study was carried out. The genomic DNA of the tested strains was extracted by CTAB method, identified, purified and sequenced, and the suitable sequence was selected by downloading and searching in GeBank. The Leotiia lubrica (AY144561 in the order Melia was used as the outer group. Phylogenetic tree of ITS sequence 28s rDNA sequence and ITS and 28SrDNA binding sequence were established respectively. Through phylogenetic tree analysis, it can be seen that the most important characteristics of the phylogeny of the genus and genus of the genus of Disc are the shape of the fruit and the opening pattern and the shape of the ascospore. The depth of burying and the shape of lateral filaments are not the key distinguishing features in the interspecific relationship between species, the buried depth and external shape of the fruit and the opening mechanism (with or without lip cells, pseudo-marginal filaments, etc.), and the characteristics of the lateral filaments (enlargement, etc.), The most important is branching or not, and the host species are also the more important characteristics; in the intraspecific relationship, the shape of the host species (herbs, conifers and broadleaved trees) and the cotyledons (cylindrical, clavate, clavate), The morphology of ascospores is an important taxonomic feature. However, there are inconsistencies in the process of analysis. We believe that we can not use a single method for the classification of bacteria. In order to obtain more reasonable and scientific classification results, the characteristics of morphology, development, physiology and biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology should be comprehensively analyzed by multi-character comprehensive analysis technique.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q939

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張宇;郭良棟;;真菌DNA條形碼研究進(jìn)展[J];菌物學(xué)報(bào);2012年06期

2 張立利;馮萍;郭寧;;一種改進(jìn)的進(jìn)化樹(shù)構(gòu)建算法[J];計(jì)算機(jī)與現(xiàn)代化;2012年02期

3 張穎慧;魏東盛;邢來(lái)君;李明春;;一種改進(jìn)的絲狀真菌DNA提取方法[J];微生物學(xué)通報(bào);2008年03期

4 何宇峰;桂先群;葉光斌;王士娟;林英任;;懸鉤子皮下盤(pán)菌種內(nèi)遺傳多樣性的RAPD分子標(biāo)記[J];菌物研究;2006年04期

5 張傳博;蘇曉慶;;幾種基于基因組DNA的真菌分類(lèi)技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J];貴州師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2006年01期

6 王士娟;何宇峰;葉光斌;林英任;;斑痣盤(pán)菌科一新種及一中國(guó)新記錄種[J];菌物學(xué)報(bào);2006年01期

7 葉明;孫漢巨;劉寧;;菌物分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究進(jìn)展[J];微生物學(xué)雜志;2005年05期

8 何宇峰,王士娟,葉光斌,林英任;皮下盤(pán)菌屬及其近似類(lèi)群RAPD-PCR反應(yīng)條件的優(yōu)化[J];菌物研究;2005年02期

9 葉光斌,余盛明,何宇峰,王士娟,林英任;散斑殼屬部分種內(nèi)及近似種間的RAPD分析[J];菌物研究;2005年02期

10 匡治州,許楊;核糖體rDNAITS序列在真菌學(xué)研究中的應(yīng)用[J];生命的化學(xué);2004年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 鄭倩;黃山柯屬植物生斑痣盤(pán)菌科的分類(lèi)和兩近似屬的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系[D];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

，

本文編號(hào)：2173042