【摘要】：基因技術(shù)作為21世紀(jì)科技舞臺(tái)的主角,其產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展實(shí)現(xiàn)了人類思維模式和生活方式的深度改變,促使人類更好地認(rèn)識(shí)自己,探索生命之奧妙。人類基因增強(qiáng)技術(shù),是指通過基因技術(shù)手段,將人們認(rèn)為不完美的正常基因加以改造達(dá)到使某些性狀和能力增強(qiáng)目的的一種基因干預(yù)技術(shù)。基因增強(qiáng)根據(jù)目的不同分為醫(yī)學(xué)目的的基因增強(qiáng)和非醫(yī)學(xué)目的的基因增強(qiáng);根據(jù)增強(qiáng)的部位不同分為體細(xì)胞的基因增強(qiáng)和生殖細(xì)胞的基因增強(qiáng),體細(xì)胞的基因增強(qiáng)改變的是個(gè)體本身,而對(duì)生殖細(xì)胞進(jìn)行基因增強(qiáng)則可能對(duì)后代人造成不可預(yù)測(cè)的后果。以醫(yī)學(xué)為目的的基因增強(qiáng)即基因治療已經(jīng)被我們普遍接受,并應(yīng)用于臨床醫(yī)學(xué),如,對(duì)血友病的治療等。然而,我們?cè)谙碛眉夹g(shù)帶來福利的同時(shí),也應(yīng)深刻反思基因增強(qiáng)技術(shù)給我們生活帶來的各種倫理問題。本文重點(diǎn)研究的是非醫(yī)學(xué)目的的基因增強(qiáng)技術(shù)在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中所面臨的一些列社會(huì)倫理問題,找到這些問題產(chǎn)生的原因并運(yùn)用生命倫理學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí)找到解決問題的途徑與對(duì)策,減少基因增強(qiáng)技術(shù)帶來的負(fù)面影響,更好地造福人類。本文共分六部分,第一部分從基因增強(qiáng)技術(shù)的研究背景及選題意義入手,通過閱讀國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),分析現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)成果,用所學(xué)的生命倫理學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí)找出目前研究的缺點(diǎn)與不足,明確文章研究方法,提出創(chuàng)新點(diǎn);第二部分,介紹了人類基因增強(qiáng)技術(shù)的涵義、類別以及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì);第三部分提出了技術(shù)給人類帶來的倫理問題,主要包括在人類基因增強(qiáng)過程中產(chǎn)生的一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問題、基因增強(qiáng)帶來的社會(huì)公平性問題以及“完美嬰兒設(shè)計(jì)”帶來的人的尊嚴(yán)問題等;第四部分從技術(shù)倫理的角度深入分析了問題產(chǎn)生的原因;第五部分,針對(duì)上一章產(chǎn)生的問題提出了應(yīng)對(duì)原則與措施。第六部分對(duì)全篇文章總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:As the protagonist of the stage of science and technology in the 21st century, the generation and development of gene technology have realized the deep change of human thinking mode and way of life, which urges human beings to better understand themselves and explore the mystery of life. Human gene enhancement is a kind of gene intervention technology, which can improve some characters and abilities by means of gene technology, which can modify the normal genes that people think are not perfect. Gene enhancement is divided into medical purpose gene enhancement and non-medical purpose gene enhancement according to the purpose, and somatic cell gene enhancement and germ cell gene enhancement according to the site of enhancement. Genetic enhancement of somatic cells changes the individual itself, while gene enhancement of germ cells may have unpredictable consequences for future generations. Gene enhancement for medical purposes, that is, gene therapy, has been widely accepted and applied in clinical medicine, such as hemophilia treatment. However, while enjoying the benefits of technology, we should also reflect on the ethical issues brought about by genetic enhancement technology in our lives. This paper focuses on the list of social ethical problems faced by non-medical purpose gene enhancement technology in practical application, finds out the causes of these problems, and uses the relevant knowledge of bioethics to find out the ways and countermeasures to solve the problems. Reduce the negative impact of genetic enhancement technology, and better benefit mankind. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part begins with the research background and the significance of the topic selection of gene enhancement technology, and analyzes the existing technical achievements by reading the relevant literature at home and abroad. Using the relevant knowledge of bioethics to find out the shortcomings and shortcomings of the present research, to make clear the research methods, to put forward the innovation points, the second part, introduced the meaning, the category, the development status and the development trend of the human gene enhancement technology; The third part puts forward the ethical problems that technology brings to human beings, including some risk problems in the process of human gene enhancement. The problem of social equity brought by gene enhancement and the problem of human dignity brought by "perfect baby design"; the fourth part analyzes the causes of the problem from the point of view of technical ethics; the fifth part, In view of the problems arising from the previous chapter, the author puts forward the corresponding principles and measures. The sixth part summarizes the whole article.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B82-057

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