【摘要】：目前我國養(yǎng)鴿業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展,隨著人們對鴿產(chǎn)品的需求日益增加,鴿的高效養(yǎng)殖自然受到廣泛關注。眾所周知,光照是影響禽類的重要因素,但高效完善的人工光照措施還未在鴿養(yǎng)殖業(yè)中普及,此外,光照對鴿生產(chǎn)性能的影響及其作用機制也尚不清楚。本試驗旨在研究不同光照制度及不同光波長對白羽王鴿生產(chǎn)性能的影響,為全面分析光照影響鴿生產(chǎn)性能的作用機制提供參考,同時,也為傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)殖模式的轉(zhuǎn)變提供了理論依據(jù)和實踐指導。試驗一:本試驗研究不同光照時長對種鴿生產(chǎn)性能的影響,試驗選取白羽王鴿81對,隨機分為3個處理組,每個處理組3個重復,光照制度分別為16L:8D、12L:12D、8L:16D,光照強度約為20 lx,試驗期45d。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與12L:12D組比,16L:8D組種鴿產(chǎn)蛋量極顯著增加(P0.01),8L:16D組極顯著減少(P0.01),8L:16D組種鴿的平均蛋重分別比16L:8D和12L:12D組低1.34g和1.05g,且差異顯著(P0.05)。放射免疫測定法分析種鴿血清激素水平,發(fā)現(xiàn)16L:8D組母鴿血清中LH、FSH和E2水平都要高于其它兩組,8L:16D組各激素水平較低(P0.05)。但是,光照時長對公鴿血清激素水平無影響。熒光定量RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,各處理組種鴿FSH、LH基因在垂體中表達量最高,16L:8D組顯著提高種鴿垂體和卵巢FSH基因的表達水平(P0.05);LH基因在各組織中都有不同程度的表達,16L:8D組顯著性提高了 LH基因的表達水平(P0.05),相反8L:16D組對各組織中LH基因的表達起下調(diào)作用(P0.05)�？傮w來看,在本試驗條件下,16L:8D光照制度能顯著增加種鴿產(chǎn)蛋量,提高其生產(chǎn)性能。試驗二:本試驗研究不同光波長對種鴿繁殖性能和乳鴿增重的影響,試驗選取白羽王鴿60對,隨機分為4個處理組,每個處理組3個重復,分別為紅光、綠光、紫光和白光組(對照),光照制度為16L:8D,光照強度約為20 lx,試驗期100 d。結(jié)果表明,紅光能有效提高種鴿產(chǎn)蛋量(P0.05),紫光組種鴿產(chǎn)蛋量下降(P0.05),但與白光組相比,紅光組鴿蛋破蛋率較高(P0.05)。與白光相比,綠光能顯著提高21日齡乳鴿體重(P0.05),但單色光對25日齡乳鴿體重無影響(P0.05)。放射免疫測定法分析種鴿血清中激素水平,發(fā)現(xiàn)紅光和綠光能夠提高種鴿血清FSH、LH和E2水平,紫光條件下,各激素水平明顯下降(P0.05),各光色組PRL水平無顯著性差異(P0.05)。此外,單色光對公鴿血清激素水平無影響。熒光定量RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,各光色組種鴿FSH、LH基因在垂體中表達量最高,而FSHR、LHR、ER和AR基因在性腺中有較高表達;紅光能顯著提高了垂體組織FSH、LH的表達量(P0.05),紫光則對FSH、LH的表達起顯著下調(diào)作用(P0.05);FSHR、LHR基因在紅光和白光條件下表達有優(yōu)勢,而紫光顯著降低了 FSHR、LHR基因在性腺中的表達量(P0.05);紅光和綠光對卵巢中的ER的表達有顯著促進作用(P0.05),而AR在睪丸中的表達未見顯著性差異(P0.05)。綜上所述,與白光相比,紅光能有效提高種鴿產(chǎn)蛋量,綠光能促進乳鴿21日齡體重。
[Abstract]:At present, the pigeon breeding industry in our country is booming. With the increasing demand for pigeon products, the efficient breeding of pigeon is paid more and more attention. It is well known that light is an important factor affecting poultry, but the efficient and perfect artificial illumination measures have not been popularized in pigeon breeding. In addition, the effect of light on pigeon production performance and its mechanism are not clear. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different light regimes and wavelength on the production performance of white feather pigeon, and to provide a reference for the analysis of the mechanism of the effect of light on the production performance of pigeon. It also provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for the transformation of traditional culture mode. Experiment 1: the effect of different light duration on the production performance of pigeons was studied. 81 pairs of white feather pigeons were randomly divided into three treatment groups, each treatment group had 3 repetitions, the illumination system was 16L: 8D 12L: 12D: 12D: 8L: 16D, the light intensity was about 20lx, and the experiment period was 45d. The results showed that the average egg weight of pigeon in 16L: 8D group was 1.34g and 1.05g lower than that of 16L:8D group and 12L:12D group (P0.01), and the average egg weight of 8L: 16D group was 1.34g and 1.05g lower than that of 16L:8D group and 12L:12D group (P0.05). The serum hormone level of pigeon in 16L:8D group was higher than that in other two groups (P0.05). However, light duration had no effect on serum hormone level of male pigeon. Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR showed that, The highest expression of FSH LH gene in pituitary gland of pigeon treated with 16L: 8D (P0.05) the expression of LH gene in pituitary and ovary of pigeon was significantly increased in 16L: 8D group (P0.05) the expression of LH gene was significantly increased in 16L: 8D group (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the expression of LH gene was down-regulated in 8L:16D group (P0.05). In general, 16L: 8D light system can significantly increase the egg production and improve the production performance of pigeon. Experiment 2: the effects of different light wave lengths on breeding performance and weight gain of pigeons were studied. 60 pairs of white feather pigeons were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, each treatment group with 3 repetitions, red light and green light, respectively. The illumination system was 16L: 8D, the light intensity was about 20lx, and the experiment period was 100 days. The results showed that red light could effectively increase the number of eggs produced by pigeons (P0.05), and the number of eggs produced by pigeons in purple light group decreased (P0.05), but compared with white light group, the egg breaking rate of red light group was higher than that of white light group (P0.05). Compared with white light, green light could significantly increase the body weight of 21-day-old squab (P0.05), but monochromatic light had no effect on the body weight of 25-day-old squab (P0.05). Radioimmunoassay showed that red light and green light could increase the levels of FSH LH and E2 in pigeon serum. Under purple light, the levels of each hormone decreased significantly (P0.05). There was no significant difference in PRL level among light groups (P0.05). In addition, monochromatic light had no effect on serum hormone level of male pigeon. The results of fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression of FSH LH gene was the highest in the pituitary gland, while the expression of ER and AR genes in the gonad was higher. Red light could significantly increase the expression of FSH LH in pituitary tissue (P0.05), while purple light could significantly down-regulate the expression of FSH LH. (P0.05) the expression of FSHRLHR LHR gene in red light and white light had an advantage. Purple light significantly decreased the expression of FSHR-LHR gene in gonad (P0.05), red light and green light significantly promoted the expression of ER in ovary (P0.05), but the expression of AR in testis had no significant difference (P0.05). In conclusion, compared with white light, red light can effectively increase the number of eggs produced by pigeons, and green light can promote the body weight of young pigeons at 21 days of age.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S836

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