本文選題：鮮食玉米 + 氮素��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國土壤普遍缺氮,增施氮肥成為提高作物產(chǎn)量的必要措施。土壤氮素養(yǎng)分的供應(yīng)是影響作物產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)的重要因素。由于土壤中存在硝化作用,容易造成部分氮肥損失,且影響作物生長環(huán)境。為此,本研究結(jié)合實際應(yīng)用需要,選用了具有代表性的18個不同鮮食玉米基因型,通過田間試驗,測定了不同鮮食玉米基因型的農(nóng)藝性狀、產(chǎn)量、氮效率相關(guān)指標(biāo)和收獲指數(shù)在土壤施用硝化抑制劑(Nitrapyrin,NP)后的變化與差異,并利用聚類分析方法,對不同基因型鮮食玉米在硝化抑制劑NP施用后的氮肥生產(chǎn)力、氮素吸收量和利用效率等指標(biāo)進行分類,驗證NP對不同基因型鮮食玉米品種氮素利用的作用效果。同時還通過大田試驗測試了不同栽培密度下施用NP對'晶甜18'超甜玉米產(chǎn)量的影響,揭示NP能夠適當(dāng)增加鮮食玉米的栽培密度,并達到增產(chǎn)效果。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過qRT-PCR方法測定了氮同化相關(guān)基因NR(Nitrate reductase,硝酸還原酶)、GS(Glutamine synthetase,谷氨酰胺合成酶)的表達水平,分析了 NP對鮮食玉米'晶糯8號'苗期體內(nèi)氮代謝所產(chǎn)生的影響。本研究旨在為鮮食玉米品種推廣中如何實現(xiàn)氮肥優(yōu)化管理、提高氮素吸收利用,促進產(chǎn)量與改善品質(zhì)提供一些具體的指導(dǎo)措施。主要結(jié)果如下:1.不同基因型鮮食玉米在施用硝化抑制劑NP后,鮮穗產(chǎn)量、鮮籽粒產(chǎn)量、生物量、收獲指數(shù)及氮素相關(guān)利用指標(biāo)均存在較大差異。通過對上述指標(biāo)進行聚類分析,可將18個供試基因型劃分為4類。第一類是N1(蘇玉糯5號)、S4(晶白甜糯1301)、S5(TN1504)、N5(CN1508)和N6(京科糯2000)等五種不同基因型;第二類是T1(晶甜3號)、T2(晶甜18)、T4(華珍)、T5(金中玉)、S1(晶彩花糯5號)、S2(彩甜糯6號)、N2(晶糯8號)和N3(蘇科糯3號)共八種基因型;第三類是T3(BT1501)、T6(HT3605)、S6(TN9866)和N4(ZN7099)四種基因型;第四類只有S3(黑糯1號)基因型。其中,第二類鮮果穗產(chǎn)量與鮮籽粒產(chǎn)量增幅較大,氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力提高幅度大,收獲指數(shù)均相應(yīng)增加,適合NP配施氮肥模式管理,且效果理想的一類。2.大田試驗中,甜玉米'晶甜18'在種植密度為4.8×104株/hm2-7.2×104株/hm2條件下,密度的增加使玉米植株的高度、玉米穗長、穗粗、穗行數(shù)和單果重等性狀發(fā)生變化,小區(qū)產(chǎn)量呈顯著相關(guān)。研究表明,在對照處理中,'晶甜18'的合理種植密度為5.4×104株/hm2,增施NP處理后,'晶甜18'的最佳種植密度增加到6.6×104株/hm2,提高了鮮穗總產(chǎn)量,但并未對其鮮穗的商品質(zhì)量造成影響。這對于科學(xué)合理地利用土地資源和肥料資源具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。3.qRT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,NR基因的表達受NP硝化抑制劑的影響。在施用硝化抑制劑NP條件下,'晶糯8號'葉片和根系中NR基因的表達量均表現(xiàn)出顯著的調(diào)控差異。此外,GS基因也受NP作用的影響,但與CK相比,其差異性并不顯著。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen deficiency is common in soil in China. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer is a necessary measure to increase crop yield. Soil nitrogen supply is an important factor affecting crop yield and quality. Because of nitrification in soil, it is easy to cause partial loss of nitrogen fertilizer and affect crop growth environment. In order to meet the needs of practical application, 18 representative fresh maize genotypes were selected, and the agronomic characters and yield of different fresh eating maize genotypes were determined by field experiments. The changes and differences of nitrogen efficiency related indexes and harvest index after application of nitrification inhibitor Nitrapyrinyrinum NP) were studied. The nitrogen fertilizer productivity of different genotypes of fresh eating maize after application of nitrification inhibitor NP was analyzed by cluster analysis. Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency were classified to verify the effect of NP on nitrogen utilization of different genotypes of fresh eating maize varieties. At the same time, the effects of NP application on the yield of 'Jingtian18'super sweet corn under different planting densities were also tested, which revealed that NP could increase the planting density of fresh corn and achieve the effect of increasing yield. On this basis, the expression level of nitrogen assimilation related gene NRN nitratreductase, nitrate reductase Glutamine synthetase (Glutamine synthetase) was determined by qRT-PCR, and the effect of NP on nitrogen metabolism of fresh eating maize 'Jingnuo 8' was analyzed. The purpose of this study was to provide some specific guidance measures for the optimization management of nitrogen fertilizer, the improvement of nitrogen absorption and utilization, the promotion of yield and the improvement of quality in the popularization of fresh corn varieties. The main results are as follows: 1. There were significant differences in fresh ear yield, fresh grain yield, biomass, harvest index and nitrogen related utilization index between different genotypes of fresh corn treated with nitrification inhibitor NP. By cluster analysis of the above indexes, 18 genotypes can be divided into 4 types. The first type was N1 (Suyunuo No. 5 S4) and N6 (Jingkenuo 2000). The two genotypes were T1 (Jingtian3) T2 (Jingtian18T4) (Jinzhongyunzao S1 (Jingcaihuanuo 5) and S2 (Caitiannuo No. 6) and N3 (Sukenuo 3), and the third type was T3BBT1501T6HT3605S6TN9866 and N4ZZN7099). In the fourth category, only the S 3 (Heinuo 1) genotype was found. Among them, the second kind of fresh fruit yield and fresh grain yield increased greatly, nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity increased greatly, harvest index increased correspondingly, which is suitable for NP combined with nitrogen fertilizer mode management, and the effect is ideal. 2. In the field experiment, under the condition of planting density of 4.8 脳 10 ~ 4 plants / hm ~ (2) / hm ~ (2), the height, ear length, ear diameter, row number of ear and fruit weight per ear were changed with the increase of density, and the yield of plot was significantly related to the plant height, ear length, ear diameter, row number of ear and single fruit weight. The results showed that the reasonable planting density of 'Jingtian 18' was 5.4 脳 10 ~ 4 plants / hm ~ (2), and the optimum planting density was 6.6 脳 10 ~ (4) plants / hm ~ (2) after the application of NP, which increased the total yield of fresh ear, but had no effect on the quality of fresh ear. The results showed that the expression of NR gene was affected by NP-nitrification inhibitor. Under the application of nitrification inhibitor NP, the expression of NR gene in the leaves and roots of 'Jinnuo 8' showed significant regulatory differences. In addition, GS gene was also affected by NP, but the difference was not significant compared with CK.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S513

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