本文選題：貝類 + 弧菌　； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國貝類養(yǎng)殖種類和養(yǎng)殖模式越來越多樣化,養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)逐漸成熟,養(yǎng)殖面積不斷擴大,貝類產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為我國水產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要支柱。但是,以弧菌為主要致病菌的微生物對貝類養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來嚴重危害。夏季的7、8月份是貝類弧菌病的高發(fā)季節(jié),由弧菌引起的水生動物疾病流行面積廣,發(fā)病率高,對水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)造成嚴重的經(jīng)濟損失,一直是水產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域研究的一大熱點。本試驗對山東省主要貝類養(yǎng)殖區(qū)的養(yǎng)殖貝類和野生貝類進行了弧菌的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查。通過細菌分離、生化鑒定、16s-rDNA的克隆以及序列分析比對等方法,對分離的弧菌的生物學(xué)特性進行了初步研究。掌握了貝類弧菌的流行特點及規(guī)律,為預(yù)防疾病的發(fā)生提供了依據(jù)。自濰坊壽光,威海乳山、文登,青島膠南,日照,濱州無棣,東營河口等地區(qū)采集了不同的貝類,包括青蛤、文蛤、扇貝、橢螺、尖螺、竹蟶、織紋螺、四角蛤、牡蠣、沙蛤、藍蛤、花蛤、毛蚶、魁蚶、扁玉螺、貽貝等。從樣品中分離出27種弧菌,8種其它細菌,共222株。經(jīng)測序分析比對,主要有哈氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi),溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus),副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、Vibrio chagasii、Vibrio azureus、需鈉弧菌(Vibrio natriegens)、創(chuàng)傷弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)、杭州弧菌(Vibrio hangzhouensis)等。結(jié)果顯示,哈氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌的檢出率較高,分別占20%、18%、21%;其他弧菌相對較少。膠南地區(qū)副溶血弧菌和溶藻弧菌檢出率較高;無棣哈氏弧菌和溶藻弧菌檢出率較高,而副溶血弧菌檢測率很低;河口、日照、壽光三個地區(qū)的三種弧菌的檢出率都比較高,均在15%-35%之間。結(jié)果表明,弧菌是導(dǎo)致貝類發(fā)病的主要病原菌之一,對青蛤、文蛤、毛蚶、竹蟶、沙蛤的危害相對嚴重。其中哈氏弧菌、副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌分離出的菌株較多;哈氏弧菌主要分離自青蛤、文蛤、竹蟶、沙蛤、毛蚶;副溶血弧菌主要分離自文蛤、竹蟶、沙蛤、花蛤、毛蚶,沙蛤最多。溶藻弧菌在青蛤、文蛤檢出率較高,其次為毛蚶。不同弧菌在不同貝類中的檢出率有很大差異,在不同地區(qū)中的檢出率也存在很大差異。對分離的哈氏弧菌、副溶血弧菌及溶藻弧菌進行了藥敏試驗�？咕幬锇�:阿米卡星、慶大霉素、萘定酸、環(huán)丙沙星、恩諾沙星、諾氟沙星、紅霉素、阿奇霉素、四環(huán)素、多西環(huán)素、頭孢噻吩、頭孢呋辛、氨芐西林、哌拉西林、阿莫西林、氯霉素、復(fù)方新諾明、氟苯尼考,共17種。結(jié)果表明,三種弧菌都對氨芐西林和阿莫西林的耐藥率較高,對其他藥物的敏感程度不同,也有耐藥菌出現(xiàn)。本試驗對哈氏弧菌和副溶血弧菌主要毒力基因進行檢測,哈氏弧菌主要毒力基因為luxR、toxR、vhhA、vhhB、vhpA、vhpB、toxS、flaA、pap6;副溶血弧菌主要毒力基因為tdh、trh、ureC、vscC2、vcrD2。結(jié)果表明,80%的哈氏弧菌檢測到luxR、toxR、vhhA、vhhB;副溶血弧菌毒力基因tdh、trh和ureC的檢出率在20%左右。本研究查明了2016年度山東省貝類弧菌病的流行情況,為貝類弧菌病的預(yù)警提供了依據(jù);通過對哈氏弧菌、副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌的藥敏試驗,探明了貝類弧菌的抗菌譜,為貝類弧菌病的防控提供了用藥依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the species and pattern of shellfish culture in China are more and more diversified, the culture technology is gradually mature, the area of culture is expanding, and the shellfish industry has become an important pillar of China's aquaculture. However, the microorganisms with Vibrio as the main pathogenic bacteria have brought serious harm to the shellfish culture industry. In the summer of 7,8, the height of the shellfish Vibrio was high. The epidemic area of aquatic animal diseases caused by Vibrio is wide, high incidence and serious economic loss to aquaculture industry, which has always been a hot spot in the field of aquatic products. The epidemiological investigation of Vibrio in the culture shellfish and wild shellfish in the main shellfish culture areas of Shandong province. Identification, 16s-rDNA cloning and sequence analysis compared with the peer-to-peer method, the biological characteristics of the isolated Vibrio were preliminarily studied. The epidemic characteristics and laws of the Vibrio shellfish were mastered to provide a basis for the prevention of the disease. From Weifang Shouguang, Weihai Rushan, Wendeng, Jiaonan, Qingdao, sunshine, Binzhou Wudi, Dongying estuary and other areas. Different shellfish, including clam, clam, scallop, ellipsoid, cusp, clam clam, clam, clam, clam, blue clam, clam, clam, clam, clam, Vibrio, and mussels. 27 Vibrio, 8 other bacteria, 222 strains were isolated from the samples and were analyzed by sequencing and comparison, mainly Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus (Vibrio alginolyti) CUS), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vibrio parahaemolyticus), Vibrio chagasii, Vibrio Azureus, Vibrio natrium (Vibrio natriegens), Vibrio vulnificus (Vibrio vulnificus), Vibrio Hangzhou (Vibrio), etc. results showed that the detection rate of Vibrio Harris, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 20%, 18%, 21% respectively, and the other Vibrio were relatively less. The detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in Jiaonan is high, and the detection rate of Vibrio Harris and Vibrio alginolyticus in Wudi is high, while the detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is very low; the detection rates of three Vibrio in three regions of the estuarine, sunshine and Shouguang are both high, both in 15%-35%. The result shows that Vibrio is one of the main pathogens causing shellfish disease. The harm of clam, clam, clam, clam, clam clam, clam clam is relatively serious. Among them, Vibrio Harris, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus are more isolated. Vibrio Harris is mainly isolated from clam, clam clam, clam clam, clam, clam, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams, clams and clams. The detection rate is high, followed by clam. The detection rate of different Vibrio in different shellfish is very different, and the detection rate in different areas is also very different. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests of Vibrio Harris, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus are carried out. The antimicrobial agents include: Amikacin, gentamicin, naphthyl acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin Norfloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, cefuroxime, cefuroxime, ampicillin, piperacillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, compound neolin, and florfenicol were 17. The results showed that the resistance rate of three Vibrio to ampicillin and A Mo was higher, sensitive to other drugs and resistant to other drugs. The main virulence genes of Vibrio Harris and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected in this experiment. The main virulence genes of Vibrio Harris were luxR, toxR, vhhA, vhhB, vhpA, vhpB, toxS, flaA, pap6. The main virulence genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were TDH, TRH, ureC, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The detection rate of virulence genes TDH, TRH and ureC was about 20%. This study identified the epidemic situation of shellfish disease in Shandong province in 2016, provided the basis for the early warning of the shellfish Vibrio disease, and through the drug sensitivity test of Vibrio Harris, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus, the antimicrobial spectrum of the Vibrio shellfish was explored and provided for the prevention and control of the shellfish Vibrio disease. The basis of drug use.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S944

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