發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-04 22:46

  本文選題：小麥白粉病 + 國家區(qū)域試驗(yàn)��； 參考：《河北科技師范學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：小麥?zhǔn)俏覈匾淖魑?主要用于糧食、飼料、工業(yè)原料等。白粉病是嚴(yán)重影響我國冬小麥生產(chǎn)的一種流行性葉部病害。小麥白粉病菌(Blumeria graminisf.sp.tritici,Bgt)是一種專性寄生菌,在我國冬麥區(qū)都有分布。提高品種抗病性是冬小麥品種改良的一個(gè)重要的育種目標(biāo)。本研究的目的是:(1)通過對(duì)2012-2015年參加國家冬小麥區(qū)域試驗(yàn)的品種進(jìn)行抗性評(píng)價(jià)和抗病基因分子檢測,了解我國冬小麥品種抗白粉病育種的狀況和潛力;(2)采用不同的白粉菌菌株對(duì)良星99和利用良星99培育的品系進(jìn)行抗性評(píng)價(jià)和分子標(biāo)記檢測,有助于良星99的抗白粉病基因Pm52在育種和生產(chǎn)上的有效利用;(3)采用BSR-Seq方法定位小麥品種山農(nóng)20的抗白粉病基因。主要的研究結(jié)果如下:1、利用8個(gè)不同來源的白粉菌菌株對(duì)426份國家冬小麥區(qū)域試驗(yàn)參試品種進(jìn)行苗期抗性評(píng)價(jià)。參試品種對(duì)8個(gè)菌株的抗性頻率各不相同(13.6-25.4%)。在這些品種中,有152份參試品種至少抗1個(gè)菌株,占35.7%。在通過審定的129個(gè)小麥品種中的抗病品種的頻率不到30%。北部冬麥區(qū)66個(gè)參試品種苗期對(duì)各個(gè)白粉菌的抗性均低于20%。西南冬麥區(qū)66個(gè)參試品種和長江中下游冬麥區(qū)46個(gè)參試品種50%以上可以抗至少1個(gè)菌株。利用混合菌株進(jìn)行抗性鑒定只有19.7%的參試品種在2年田間鑒定中都能表現(xiàn)成株期抗性,不過西南冬麥區(qū)的抗病品種頻率超過50%。2、利用Pm8和Pm21的功能標(biāo)記和連鎖標(biāo)記對(duì)參試品種進(jìn)行檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn)36.9%的品種含有Pm8基因,其中北部冬麥區(qū)和黃淮冬麥區(qū)的頻率分別為50.0%和44.8%。在審定品種中Pm8基因的頻率也有41.1%。有15個(gè)品種可能含有Pm21基因,其中有11個(gè)品種來自西南冬麥區(qū),另外3個(gè)品種來自長江中下游冬麥區(qū),1個(gè)品種來自黃淮冬麥區(qū),在北部冬麥區(qū)的參試品種中沒有檢測到Pm21基因。3、良星99是黃淮冬麥區(qū)和北部冬麥區(qū)推廣的抗白粉病冬小麥品種,其抗白粉病基因位于2BL染色體,已被命名為Pm52。利用來自不同小麥生產(chǎn)區(qū)的123個(gè)小麥白粉菌菌株進(jìn)行抗性鑒定,良星99可抗80%的菌株。2013-2016年連續(xù)4個(gè)生長季抗性鑒定中,良星99在成株期對(duì)接種的白粉菌混合菌株都表現(xiàn)免疫或高抗。采用Pm52基因緊密連鎖分子標(biāo)記Xgwm120和27個(gè)菌株對(duì)10個(gè)利用良星99培育的品系進(jìn)行分子檢測和抗性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),衡4568、邯農(nóng)2312、中信麥99和DH51302可能攜帶Pm52基因,而鄭麥369和冀麥729的白粉病抗性基因可能與Pm52不同。石U09-4366、XR4429、衡10-5039和農(nóng)大3486苗期和成株期都表現(xiàn)感病,不含Pm52基因。這些品種的成株期抗性反應(yīng)與苗期的抗性反應(yīng)一致。4、冬小麥品種山農(nóng)20表現(xiàn)很強(qiáng)的苗期和成株期白粉病抗性。利用山農(nóng)20×邯4564的F1、F2和F2:3群體進(jìn)行抗性遺傳分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)山農(nóng)20對(duì)菌株E20的抗性由1對(duì)顯性基因控制,暫命名為PmSN20。利用BSR-Seq方法將PmSN20基因定位于5DS染色體的Pm2基因座上。序列比對(duì)結(jié)果表明PmSN20與Pm2的核苷酸序列相同,為同一基因。利用38個(gè)小麥白粉菌菌株進(jìn)行抗性鑒定,PmSN20與Pm2的抗譜非常相似。
[Abstract]:Wheat is an important crop in China, mainly used in grain, feed, and industrial raw materials. Powdery mildew is a popular leaf disease which seriously affects the production of Winter Wheat in China. Blumeria graminisf.sp.tritici (Bgt) is a kind of special parasitic fungus, which is distributed in winter wheat areas in China. An important breeding goal was improved. The purpose of this study is: (1) to understand the status and potential of breeding for resistance to powdery mildew of Winter Wheat Varieties in China through the resistance evaluation and molecular detection of resistance genes in the National Winter Wheat Regional Trials for 2012-2015 years. (2) the use of different powdery mildew strains for good star 99 and the use of good star 99 culture. The resistance evaluation and molecular marker detection were helpful to the effective utilization of the powdery mildew resistant gene Pm52 in breeding and production, and (3) the BSR-Seq method was used to locate the powdery mildew resistance gene of Shannong 20 in wheat variety. The main results were as follows: 1, 426 national winter wheat regions were used in 8 different sources of powdery mildew strains. The resistance of the tested varieties was evaluated. The resistance frequency of the tested varieties to 8 strains was different (13.6-25.4%). In these varieties, 152 tested varieties were resistant to at least 1 strains, and the frequency of 35.7%. in the approved varieties of wheat varieties was less than that of 66 cultivars in the northern winter wheat area of the north of 30%.. The resistance of powdery mildew is lower than that of 66 tested varieties in the southwest winter wheat area of 20%. and 46 of the winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, more than 50% can resist at least 1 strains. More than 50%.2, using functional markers and linkage markers of Pm8 and Pm21 to test the tested varieties, it was found that 36.9% of the varieties contained Pm8 gene, of which the frequency of the northern winter wheat area and the Huang Huai winter wheat region were 50% and 44.8%. in the tested varieties, the frequency of Pm8 gene was also 41.1%. and the Pm21 gene might contain 15 varieties, of which 11 varieties were found. The other 3 varieties come from the winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the other 3 varieties come from the winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and 1 varieties come from the winter wheat area of Huang Huai. No.3 is detected in the tested varieties of the northern winter wheat area. The good star 99 is the winter wheat varieties of powdery mildew in the winter wheat and northern winter wheat areas, and the powdery mildew resistance gene is located on the 2BL chromosome and has been named. 123 strains of wheat powdery mildew from different wheat production areas were identified for resistance to Pm52.. Good star 99 could resist 80% in 4 growing season resistance identification. Good star 99 showed immunization or high resistance to all inoculated powdery mildew strains at adult stage. Xgwm120 and 27 Pm52 gene closely linked molecular markers were used. The molecular detection and resistance analysis of 10 strains cultivated by good star 99 found that Heng 4568, Hanong 2312, CITIC wheat 99 and DH51302 may carry the Pm52 gene, and the powdery mildew resistance genes of Zhengmai 369 and jimmai 729 may be different from that of Pm52. Stone U09-4366, XR4429, Heng 10-5039 and Nongda 3486 show a sense of disease and do not contain Pm5 at seedling and adult stage. 2 gene. The resistance response of these varieties to plant stage was consistent with the resistance reaction of seedling stage.4, and winter wheat variety Shannong 20 showed very strong seedling and plant stage powdery mildew resistance. Using F1, F2 and F2:3 population of Shannong 20 x Han 4564, the resistance genetic analysis was carried out, and the resistance of mountain farmer 20 against strain E20 was controlled by 1 dominant genes, temporarily named PmSN20. The BSR-Seq method was used to locate the PmSN20 gene on the Pm2 locus on the 5DS chromosome. The sequence alignment showed that the nucleotide sequence of PmSN20 and Pm2 was the same as the same gene. The resistance of 38 wheat powdery mildew strains was identified, and the anti spectrum of PmSN20 and Pm2 was very similar.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北科技師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S435.121.45

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