本文選題：中華絨螯蟹 + 水草��； 參考：《上海海洋大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中華絨螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis),俗稱河蟹,是我國特有的水產經濟生物。水草在中華絨螯蟹生長過程中起著重要作用,但水草對河蟹生長的影響及分子機制尚不得知。本文采用養(yǎng)殖生物學、分子生物學等研究手段,在室外池塘養(yǎng)殖條件下,以河蟹養(yǎng)殖中常用的伊樂藻作為實驗變量,研究水草對河蟹生長、蛻殼、營養(yǎng)品質以及相關基因表達的影響。結果如下:一、伊樂藻對中華絨螯蟹生長和營養(yǎng)品質的影響以成蟹階段的中華絨螯蟹為研究材料,分析了有伊樂藻組和對照組(無伊樂藻)中華絨螯蟹生長、肌肉、肝胰腺氨基酸和脂肪酸組成等方面的差異,探討伊樂藻對中華絨螯蟹生長和營養(yǎng)品質的影響。結果顯示,有伊樂藻組中華絨螯蟹體重、殼長、殼寬、增長率與肥滿度均顯著高于無伊樂藻組(P0.05),但肝胰腺指數和性腺指數差異不顯著(P0.05)。伊樂藻組中華絨螯蟹肌肉的氨基酸總量、必需氨基酸和鮮味氨基酸含量均顯著高于無伊樂藻組(P0.05);伊樂藻組中雌蟹的肝胰腺中鮮味氨基酸含量也顯著高于無伊樂藻組(P0.05),而伊樂藻組和無伊樂藻組的雄蟹肝胰腺氨基酸含量差異并不顯著(P0.05)。伊樂藻組和無伊樂藻組的中華絨螯蟹肌肉脂肪酸組成和含量差異不顯著(P0.05),但伊樂藻組中華絨螯蟹的肝胰腺飽和脂肪酸(SFA)、單不飽和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量均顯著高于無伊樂藻組(P0.05)。綜上所述,伊樂藻不僅有利于中華絨螯蟹的生長,而且能夠改善中華絨螯蟹的營養(yǎng)品質。二、轉錄組學分析水草對中華絨螯蟹的影響本章應用高通量測序技術,獲得了有水草和無水草養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境下中華絨螯蟹肌肉、眼柄、肝胰腺和性腺組織混合樣品的轉錄組數據。通過De novo拼接,共獲得47167個河蟹轉錄本,其中33133個轉錄本能被NCBT-NR數據庫注釋,26792個轉錄本能被uniport數據庫注釋�；虿町惐磉_分析發(fā)現,有水草和無水草河蟹轉錄組共鑒定出35個差異表達基因,其中13個基因在有水草河蟹中高表達,22個基因在無水草河蟹中高表達。GO功能富集結果表明,無水草河蟹中高表達基因主要是抑制ATP酶活性和對Wnt通路產生抑制的基因,而與無水草河蟹相比,有水草河蟹中高表達基因主要富集到與核糖體蛋白、肌球蛋白重鏈相關的基因,這些基因有利于河蟹的性腺發(fā)育、個體生長以及對環(huán)境的適應能力。初步研究表明,有水草與無水草養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境下的中華絨螯蟹存在差異表達基因,水草對中華絨螯蟹基因表達模式產生一定的影響,這為進一步研究水草對中華絨螯蟹生長、蛻殼和營養(yǎng)品質影響的分子作用機制提供了參考。三、水草對中華絨螯蟹生長、蛻殼和消化酶基因表達的影響本章以扣蟹階段的中華絨螯蟹為實驗材料,設置真水草組、假水草組與無水草組三個實驗組,將扣蟹放入池塘網籠里養(yǎng)殖,其他環(huán)境條件保持一致,對第一次蛻殼與第二次蛻殼中華絨螯蟹的體重增重率、成活率、蛻殼周期以及相關消化酶基因表達進行統(tǒng)計對比,結果表明:經過第一次蛻殼,三組網籠中華絨螯蟹的體重增重率未出現顯著差異(P0.05),而真水草組和假水草組的成活率明顯高于無水草組。在第二次蛻殼后,有水草組和假水草組體重增重率、成活率以及肥滿度都明顯高于無水草組(P0.05),但真水草組和假水草組無明顯差異(P0.05)。綜合兩個蛻殼周期的數據比較,發(fā)現三個實驗組的平均蛻殼周期規(guī)律為真水草組假水草組無水草組(P0.05)。三個實驗組的中華絨螯蟹腸道內消化酶基因表達量不存在顯著的差異(P0.05)。綜上所述,在同一水質環(huán)境下,水草對中華絨螯蟹影響主要表現為提高增重率、成活率和肥滿度、縮短蛻殼周期,但對腸道內消化酶基因的表達沒有顯著影響。
[Abstract]:Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir sinensis), commonly known as crabs, is a unique aquatic economic organism in China. Water grass plays an important role in the growth of Eriocheir sinensis. However, the effects of water grass on the growth of the crab and its molecular mechanism are not yet known. The effects of water grass on the growth, molting, nutritional quality and related gene expression of Eriocheir crabs are studied as the experimental variables. The results are as follows: 1. The effects of eerella on the growth and nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis were studied in the crab stage of Eriocheir sinensis. The effects of erella sinensis on the growth and nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis were studied. The results showed that the body weight, shell length, shell width, growth rate and fullness of Eriocheir sinensis were significantly higher than that of P0.05, but the hepatopancreatic index and the index of hepatopancreas were the same as that of Eriocheir sinensis. The difference in gonadal index was not significant (P0.05). The contents of amino acids, essential amino acids and fresh amino acids in the muscle of eriochee Eriocheir were significantly higher than that of the non eeralgal group (P0.05). The content of fresh amino acids in the hepatopancreas in the yeralga group was also significantly higher than that of the Eira group (P0.05), while the Eira group and the anira group were male. There was no significant difference in the content of amino acids in the hepatopancreas of the crab (P0.05). The composition and content of fatty acid in the muscle of Eriocheir sinensis was not significant (P0.05), but the content of hepatopancreanopancreatic saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polysaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in eriochee Eriocheir was significantly higher than that of no Iran P0.05. To sum up, irulina not only helps the growth of Eriocheir sinensis, but also improves the nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis. Two. The transcriptional analysis of the effect of water grass on Eriocheir sinensis by high throughput sequencing technology obtained the muscle, eye handle and liver pancreas of Eriocheir sinensis under the environment of aquaculture and aquaculture. A total of 47167 transcriptional books were obtained by De novo splicing, of which 33133 transcriptional instincts were annotated by NCBT-NR databases and 26792 transcriptional instincts were annotated by the uniport database. Gene differential expression analysis found that there were 35 differentially expressed groups in the transcriptional group of water grass and anaquawey river crab. Because of the high expression of 13 genes in the water and grass river crab, the high expression of the 22 genes in the Eriocheir crabs showed that the high expression gene was mainly the gene that inhibited the activity of the ATP enzyme and the inhibition of the Wnt pathway, but the high expression gene in the water grass river crab was mainly enriched with the.GO. Ribosome protein, myosin heavy chain related genes, these genes are beneficial to the gonadal development, individual growth and adaptation to the environment. Preliminary studies have shown that there are different expression genes in Chinese Eriocheir sinensis under the environment of aquaculture and aquaculture, and water grass has a certain influence on the gene expression pattern of Eriocheir sinensis. This provides a reference for further research on the molecular mechanism of the effects of water grass on the growth, molting and nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis. Three, the effects of water and grass on the growth, shingle and gene expression of digestive enzymes in Eriocheir sinensis In the experiment group, the buckle crab was put into the pond cage cage and the other environmental conditions were consistent. The weight gain rate, the survival rate, the molt cycle and the related digestive enzyme gene expression of the first molting and second shedding Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis were compared. The results showed that the weight gain of the three group of net caged Eriocheir crabs was increased after the first molting. There was no significant difference in the rate (P0.05), but the survival rate of the grasses and sham hay groups was significantly higher than that of the anhydrous grass group. After the second sheds, the weight gain rate, the survival rate and the fullness of the sham grass group were significantly higher than that of the anhydrous grass group (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between the group of seagrass and the sham grass group (P0.05). The two shedding weeks were integrated. The average ECD cycle of the three experimental groups was found to be P0.05. There was no significant difference in the gene expression of digestive enzymes in the intestinal tract of Eriocheir sinensis in the three experimental groups (P0.05). High weight gain rate, survival rate and fatness, shortened the molting cycle, but had no significant effect on the expression of digestive enzyme genes in the intestine.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4

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