本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米 + 土壤微生物　； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從轉(zhuǎn)基因作物在1996年開啟商品化時代以來,轉(zhuǎn)基因作物在全世界的栽植面積疾速擴大,而轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的生態(tài)安全風(fēng)險也日益成為人們關(guān)注的焦點。為了評價轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對土壤微生物的種群數(shù)量、結(jié)構(gòu)和多樣性的影響,以轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因P1498和轉(zhuǎn)抗除草劑基因C31,以及非轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米親本親本Non-Bt P1498為試驗材料,采用微生物平板培養(yǎng)法、土壤酶法和高通量基因測序法,在山西省運城市進行兩年盆栽試驗,研究比較了不同生育期的轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對土壤微生物的影響。結(jié)果如下;1.試驗結(jié)果表明:兩種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對土壤中的細菌、固氮菌、氨化細菌都沒有顯著影響。2014年的苗期轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因P1498和轉(zhuǎn)抗除草劑基因C31土壤真菌分別比非轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米親本親本Non-Bt P1498顯著降低14.3%和25.8%,抽雄、成熟兩個生育期沒影響。放線菌僅在2014年的抽雄期C31與P1498和Non-Bt P1498差異顯著,其他生育期也沒影響。說明轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對土壤微生物的區(qū)系無顯著影響。2.兩年試驗結(jié)果表明:轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對土壤中的脲酶活性無顯著影響。2014年3個玉米品種對土壤堿性磷酸酶、過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶的活性都無顯著影響。2015年轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米僅極少數(shù)生育期影響了土壤酶活性。如玉米苗期轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米P1498和C31的土壤堿性磷酸酶活性分別比Non-Bt P1498顯著降低了7.81%和5.37%,差異均顯著,其它三個生育期無顯著差異;在2015年的玉米苗期、抽雄、成熟三個時期轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米P1498和C31的土壤蔗糖酶活性均顯著高于非轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米Non-Bt P1498,灌漿期差異不顯著;2015年僅在灌漿期P1498土壤過氧化氫酶活性比Non-BtP1498顯著提高14%,其它時期沒有顯著差異。3.高通量測序分析表明在苗期、抽雄期和收獲期分別檢測出2258、1704和1866個OTU,共享率分別為55.22%、43.02%和25.72%。3個玉米品種3個生育期檢測出27個門,57個綱和441個已知的細菌屬,除未被分類的細菌屬外(66個),還有6個候選細菌屬。其主要的優(yōu)勢種群門有變形菌門、浮霉菌門、綠彎菌門、放線菌門、酸桿菌門、芽單胞菌門、擬桿菌門、厚壁菌門、藍藻門、裝甲菌門等十個門。在苗期和收獲期轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米P1498的Chao1指數(shù)高于Non-Bt P1498和C31,在抽雄期Chao1指數(shù)依次為Non-Bt P1498P1498C31。各種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米均有其獨特的種群,但這些種群相對豐度很低。Shannon指數(shù)表明在抽雄期和苗期的轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米顯著降低了土壤細菌的多樣性,而收獲期轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米P1498細菌多樣性高于Non-Bt P1498,C31低于Non-Bt P1498。說明兩種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米對土壤細菌的種群結(jié)構(gòu)與多樣性具有顯著影響。
[Abstract]:Since the commercialization era of transgenic crops began in 1996, the growing area of transgenic crops in the world has expanded rapidly, and the risk of ecological security of transgenic crops has become the focus of attention. In order to evaluate the effect of transgenic maize on the population number, structure and diversity of soil microbes, transgenic BT gene P1498 and herbicide resistant gene C31and non-transgenic maize parent Non-Bt P1498 were used as experimental materials. Soil enzyme method and high-throughput gene sequencing method were used to study the effects of transgenic maize at different growth stages on soil microbes in a two-year pot experiment in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province. The results are as follows: 1. The results showed that two kinds of transgenic maize had effect on bacteria in soil, nitrogen fixing bacteria, Soil fungi of transgenic BT gene P1498 and herbicide resistant gene C31 in 2014 were significantly decreased by 14.3% and 25.8% than that of non-transgenic maize parent Non-Bt P1498, respectively. The difference of actinomycetes between C31 and P1498 and Non-Bt P1498 was significant only in the anthesis stage of 2014, and no effect was found in other growth stages. The results showed that transgenic maize had no significant effect on soil microbial fauna. The results of two years experiment showed that there was no significant effect on urease activity in soil by transgenic maize, and three maize varieties in 2014 had no significant effect on soil alkaline phosphatase and catalase. There was no significant effect on the activity of sucrase. Only a few growth stages of transgenic maize affected soil enzyme activity in 2015. For example, the soil alkaline phosphatase activity of transgenic maize P1498 and C31 at seedling stage was significantly lower than that of Non-Bt P1498 by 7.81% and 5.37%, respectively. Soil sucrase activity of transgenic maize P1498 and C31 was significantly higher than that of non-transgenic maize Non-Bt P1498 in three stages of maturation, but there was no significant difference at filling stage, and only in 2015, the activity of soil catalase in P1498 was significantly higher than that of Non-BtP1498, while in other periods, the activity of soil catalase in P1498 was significantly higher than that in Non-BtP1498. There was no significant difference. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that 2258A1704 and 1866 OTUs were detected at seedling stage, anthesis stage and harvest stage, respectively, and the sharing rates were 55.222.02% and 25.72.3 maize varieties, respectively, 27 phyla, 57 classes and 441 known bacterial genera were detected in 3 growth stages. In addition to the unclassified genera of bacteria (66 species, 6 candidate genera). The main dominant population phylum are phylum, actinomycetes, phylum acidoides, phylum, phylum. The Chao1 index of transgenic maize P1498 at seedling stage and harvest stage was higher than that of Non-Bt P1498 and C31.The Chao1 index of transgenic maize was Non-Bt P1498P1498C31at the heading stage. All kinds of transgenic maize have their own unique populations, but the relative abundance of these populations is very low. Shannon index indicates that transgenic maize at the stage of flowering and seedling significantly reduces the diversity of soil bacteria. The bacterial diversity of transgenic maize P1498 at harvest stage was higher than that of Non-Bt P1498 C31 and Non-Bt P1498. The results showed that the two transgenic maize had a significant effect on the population structure and diversity of soil bacteria.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S513;S154.3

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