本文選題：脂肪 + 蛋白質(zhì)　； 參考：《中國水產(chǎn)科學》2017年04期

【摘要】：為探究主要脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)水平對工業(yè)化養(yǎng)殖大西洋鮭(Salmo salar)成魚脂肪相關(guān)代謝酶和生長相關(guān)基因表達的影響,本實驗采用3×2雙因素隨機實驗設(shè)計,設(shè)置3個脂肪水平:18%、21%、24%(分別以F18、F21、F24表示),2個蛋白質(zhì)水平:38%、48%(分別以P38、P48表示)。組合為6個實驗處理組,每組3個重復(fù),每重復(fù)40尾魚。實驗在室內(nèi)封閉循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖系統(tǒng)中進行,實驗魚初始體重(650.0±45.50)g,實驗期56 d。結(jié)果表明:(1)工業(yè)化養(yǎng)殖實驗魚的脂肪需求較國外深海網(wǎng)箱養(yǎng)殖明顯降低,蛋白質(zhì)需求相近。P48F21組增重率顯著最佳,較其他各組提高22.23%~125.86%(P0.05);P48F24組飼料系數(shù)顯著最低,較其他各組降低16.24%~30.00%(P0.05)。(2)單因素高脂肪顯著提高肝體比(P0.05),高蛋白極顯著降低肥滿度(P0.01);P48F24組肝體比較其他各組顯著提高10.92%~28.16%(P0.05),P48F18組肥滿度較其他各組顯著降低10.24%~12.31%(P0.05);并創(chuàng)新提出了600~900 g大西洋鮭形體營養(yǎng)調(diào)控初步方案。(3)單因素高、中脂肪顯著提高肝脂肪分解酶(HL、LPL和總酯酶)活力,高蛋白顯著提高LPL和總酯酶活力;P48F21和P48F24組飼糧顯著提高肝脂肪分解酶活力,其中LPL活力比P38F18組分別提高46.51%、48.84%(P0.05)。實驗處理主要對肝脂肪分解酶產(chǎn)生作用,顯現(xiàn)了兩組優(yōu)良飼糧改善生長性能的脂肪生理代謝機制。(4)單因素中脂肪極顯著增加肌肉和肝IGF-I基因表達量(P0.01);高蛋白極顯著增加肌肉GH、IGF-I及肝IGF-I基因表達量(P0.01);GHR基因表達量,隨脂肪或蛋白水平升高均有顯著下降特征(P0.05)。P48F21和P48F24組試魚肌肉GH、IGF-I及肝IGF-I基因表達量顯著提高(P0.05),肌肉和肝GHR基因表達量顯著降低(P0.05)。初步的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是,GH和IGF-I與GHR存在相互制約的負相關(guān)內(nèi)在調(diào)控關(guān)系,以自身控制魚類生長和生殖活動處于相對穩(wěn)定和可控狀態(tài)下。本研究初步確定,P48F21和P48F24組是工業(yè)化養(yǎng)殖大西洋鮭成魚的主要營養(yǎng)素優(yōu)良組合飼糧,其中以顯著降低脂肪水平和飼料成本的P48F21組合飼糧更佳。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effects of major fat and protein levels on the expression of lipid-related metabolic enzymes and growth-related genes in industrial cultured Salmo Salar adult fish, a 3 脳 2 double-factor randomized trial was used in this study. Set up three levels of fat, 18, 21, and 24. (two protein levels, 38 and 48, respectively, in terms of F18, F21, F24, P38, P48, respectively. There were 6 experimental treatment groups, each group with 3 repeats and 40 fish per repeat. The experiment was carried out in an indoor closed and circulating water culture system. The initial body weight of the fish was 650.0 鹵45.50 g, and the experimental period was 56 days. The results showed that the fat demand of industrialized cultured fish was significantly lower than that of foreign deep-sea cage culture, the weight gain rate of group P48F21 with similar protein requirement was the best, and the feed coefficient of group P48F24 was significantly lower than that of group 22.235.86, P0.05 and P48F24. Compared with the other groups, the single factor high fat significantly increased the liver-body ratio (P0.05), and the high protein level significantly decreased the liver body mass compared with the other groups. Compared with the other groups, the liver body in the P0.01 + P48F24 group increased significantly by 10.922 + 28.16% P0.05P48F18 (P 0.05), and the liver body weight of the other groups was significantly decreased by 10.24 g / L 12.31% P0.05g / L, and the liver body weight of the other groups was increased significantly (P 0.05%), and it was proposed that the liver body weight of the other groups was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P 0.05%). The primary nutrition control program of Atlantic salmon was high in single factor. LPL and total esterase) activity of liver adiposytic enzyme was significantly increased by medium fat, LPL and total esterase activity was significantly increased by high protein. The liver adipose lipase activity was significantly increased in the diet of P48F21 and P48F24 groups. The activity of LPL was 46.51% and 48.84% higher than that of P38F18 group, respectively. The effect of experimental treatment on hepatic lipase was studied. The results showed that the lipid physiological metabolic mechanism of improving growth performance of two groups of good diets. (4) in the single factor, fat significantly increased the expression of IGF-I gene in muscle and liver, and high protein increased the expression of IGF-I and IGF-I gene in muscle and liver. With the increase of fat or protein level, the expression of GH IGF-I gene and liver IGF-I gene in muscle and liver of P48F24 group were significantly increased, while the expression of GHR gene in muscle and liver decreased significantly (P 0.05). The preliminary findings are that there is a negative correlation between GH and IGF-I and GHR, and that the growth and reproductive activities of fish are controlled by themselves in a relatively stable and controllable state. In this study, we preliminarily determined that P48F21 and P48F24 groups were the main nutrient combination diets for the industrialized culture of adult Atlantic salmon, among which P48F21 diet, which significantly reduced fat level and feed cost, was better.
【作者單位】： 中國科學院海洋研究所;中國科學院大學;中國科學院實驗海洋生物學重點實驗室海洋生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)國家地方聯(lián)合工程實驗室;
【基金】：國家科技支撐計劃項目(201113AD13B07) 大西洋鮭循環(huán)清潔生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)研發(fā)與產(chǎn)業(yè)化資助項目(Y12316101H) 中國科學院院地合作項目(Y12530101L)
【分類號】：S917.4

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