本文選題：甘藍(lán)型油菜 + 含油量�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：油菜的主要用途是收籽榨油,其種子含油量嚴(yán)重影響著油菜的生產(chǎn)效益。當(dāng)前我國(guó)油菜的生產(chǎn)狀況迫切需要通過(guò)提高種子的含油量來(lái)提高油菜的產(chǎn)油率,以適應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)的需求。因此油菜高含油量育種已成為油菜育種工作者的主要目標(biāo)之一。目前,關(guān)于油菜種子油脂的生物合成規(guī)律及調(diào)控分子機(jī)制的研究還未完全透徹,針對(duì)不同含油量的甘藍(lán)型油菜之間油脂積累差異及油脂合成過(guò)程中相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)差異的研究甚少。本研究以具有不同遺傳背景的甘藍(lán)型油菜4個(gè)高油品系和3個(gè)低油品系為試驗(yàn)材料,利用殘余法測(cè)定各品系種子發(fā)育過(guò)程中7個(gè)時(shí)期的含油量,分析油脂積累動(dòng)態(tài)及其差異;同時(shí)利用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR技術(shù),比較5個(gè)參與油脂生物合成的關(guān)鍵編碼酶基因(ACCase、DGAT1、DGAT2、FatA、FatB)及1個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子WRI1在油菜種子發(fā)育過(guò)程中的表達(dá)模式及表達(dá)差異,探討甘藍(lán)型油菜油脂積累及其與關(guān)鍵基因表達(dá)的關(guān)系,以期為油菜含油量的遺傳改良以及高含油量育種提供理論依據(jù),促進(jìn)油菜種質(zhì)資源創(chuàng)新和新品種的選育。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.對(duì)高低油品系種子含油量積累動(dòng)態(tài)及差異的研究表明:(1)4個(gè)具有不同遺傳背景的高含油量品系種子發(fā)育過(guò)程中油脂積累動(dòng)態(tài)基本一致。在種子發(fā)育早期油脂積累比較緩慢,開花后25d種子的含油量?jī)H占成熟種子的13.8%~21.4%。開花后26~35d是油脂積累的快速時(shí)期,在開花后35d種子的含油量即達(dá)到成熟種子的82.9%~94.5%。開花后36~45d種子油脂積累速度減慢,在成熟期油脂含量達(dá)到最大值。含油量在高油品系中的表現(xiàn)具有一致性,且高含油量的形成與含油量快速積累時(shí)期的持續(xù)時(shí)間有密切關(guān)系。(2)高油品系與低油品系之間,油脂積累差異最顯著的時(shí)期是在種子含油量快速積累時(shí)期(開花后25~35d),高油品系油脂積累速率明顯大于低油品系,很大程度上決定了不同油菜品系間種子含油量的差異。在開花后36~45d含油量積累量變小,高油品系表現(xiàn)為正向積累,低油品系表現(xiàn)為負(fù)積累,也是造成高低油油菜品系間最終含油量差異的重要原因之一。2.對(duì)高低油品系種子油脂合成途徑關(guān)鍵基因的表達(dá)分析表明:(1)高油品系間ACCase、FatA、WRI1基因的表達(dá)模式相近,具有不同遺傳背景的高油品系在主要基因表達(dá)上具有較好的一致性,其中FatA、WRI1基因的表達(dá)動(dòng)態(tài)與油脂積累動(dòng)態(tài)基本一致。(2)高油品系和低油品系之間,大部分基因在表達(dá)模式或表達(dá)水平上存在較大差異,但并不是所有基因在高油品系中均高水平表達(dá)。整體而言,ACCase、FatA基因在高油品系種子發(fā)育過(guò)程中表達(dá)水平明顯比低油品系高,與含油量的形成密切相關(guān),在一定程度上對(duì)高油的形成起著決定性作用。DGAT2基因主要種子發(fā)育后期起作用,雖對(duì)含油量的形成無(wú)決定性作用,但可以影響后期油脂的轉(zhuǎn)化而間接影響含油量的高低;WRI1、FatB基因在低油材料中的表達(dá)明顯比高油品系高,對(duì)油脂的積累無(wú)積極作用,不是油菜種子高油分形成的決定因素。3.油脂合成關(guān)鍵基因與含油量的相關(guān)性分析表明,在低油品系中,基因的表達(dá)與含油量的相互關(guān)系表現(xiàn)一致,種子成油機(jī)制較單一,而高油品系中,部分基因的表達(dá)與含油量的相互關(guān)系表現(xiàn)不一致,存在多種作用機(jī)制,種子高含油量的形成機(jī)制更為復(fù)雜;FatB和WRI1與含油量的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為負(fù)相關(guān),說(shuō)明這兩個(gè)基因的高表達(dá)對(duì)油脂積累無(wú)積極作用,是通過(guò)調(diào)控和影響其他基因而發(fā)揮作用。
[Abstract]:The main use of rapeseed is to extract oil from seeds, and its seed oil content seriously affects the production efficiency of rape. At present, the production status of rapeseed in China is urgently needed to improve the oil production rate of Rapeseed by raising the oil content of the seeds in order to meet the demand at home and abroad. Therefore, high oil content breeding in rape has become the main part of the rape breeding workers. At present, the research on the biosynthesis law and the regulation molecular mechanism of rape seed oil is still not thoroughly studied. There are few studies on the difference of oil accumulation and the expression of related genes in the process of oil synthesis in different oil-bearing Brassica napus. This research is based on 4 Brassica napus with different genetic background. A high oil product line and 3 low oil products were used as experimental materials. The oil content in the 7 periods of seed development in each line was measured by residual method, and the oil accumulation dynamics and its difference were analyzed. At the same time, 5 key coding enzyme genes (ACCase, DGAT1, DGAT2, FatA, FatB) and 1 rotation were compared by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology. The relationship between the accumulation of oil and the expression of key genes in Brassica napus and its relationship with the key gene expression in the process of rape seed development was recorded by factor WRI1, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of oil content in rape and the breeding of high oil content, and to promote the innovation of the germplasm resources and the selection of new varieties. 1. studies on the accumulation dynamics and differences of oil content in high and low oil lines showed that: (1) the accumulation dynamics of oil in the seed development process of 4 high oil content lines with different genetic backgrounds was basically consistent. The accumulation of oil in the early stage of seed development was slow, and the oil content of 25d seeds after flowering accounted for only 2 after the flowering of the mature seed. 6~35d is a rapid period of oil accumulation. After the flowering of 35d seeds after flowering, the accumulation of oil in 36~45d seeds decreased and the oil content reached the maximum at maturity. The oil content in the high oil system was consistent, and the formation of high oil content and the period of rapid accumulation of oil content were in the period of rapid accumulation of oil. 2. (2) the most significant difference in oil accumulation between high oil product line and low oil product line is in the period of rapid accumulation of oil content in the period of seed oil accumulation (after flowering 25~35d), the accumulation rate of oil in high oil line is obviously greater than that of low oil, which largely determines the difference in oil content between different strains of rape. After flowering, 3 The accumulation of oil content in 6~45d is small, the high oil product line is positive accumulation, the low oil product line is negative accumulation, and it is one of the important reasons for the difference of the final oil content among the high and low oil dishes. The expression of the key genes of the seed oil synthesis pathway of the high oil and low oil lines.2.: (1) the table of the ACCase, FatA, WRI1 gene among the high oil lines. The high oil lines with different genetic backgrounds have good consistency in the main gene expression, and the dynamic expression of FatA and WRI1 genes is basically consistent with the dynamic accumulation of oil. (2) most of the genes are different in the expression pattern or expression level between high oil and low oil lines, but not all the bases. As a whole, the expression level of ACCase and FatA genes in the seed development of high oil lines is obviously higher than that of low oil, which is closely related to the formation of oil content. To a certain extent, it plays a decisive role in the formation of high oil in the late development of the.DGAT2 gene, although the oil content is in the oil content. It has no decisive effect, but it can affect the transformation of late oil and influence the oil content indirectly. WRI1, the expression of FatB gene in low oil material is obviously higher than that of high oil, it has no positive effect on the accumulation of oil, it is not a decisive factor for the formation of high oil content in rapeseed seed,.3. oil synthesis key gene and the correlation of oil content. The analysis shows that the relationship between gene expression and oil content is consistent in low oil products, and the mechanism of seed oil formation is single, and the relationship between the expression of some genes and oil content in high oil products is not consistent, there are many mechanisms of action, the formation mechanism of high oil content is more complex; the relationship between FatB and WRI1 and oil content is related. The negative correlation showed that the high expression of these two genes had no positive effect on lipid accumulation, and played a role in regulating and affecting other genes.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S565.4

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本文編號(hào)：1883714