本文選題：水稻 + 基因組加倍�。� 參考：《遺傳》2016年12期

【摘要】：水稻是最重要的糧食作物之一,提高水稻產(chǎn)量一直是育種的主要目標(biāo)。水稻四倍體相對于二倍體具有籽粒變大、粒重增加的特點,研究基因組加倍后籽粒大小基因的調(diào)控模式,在育種應(yīng)用方面具有十分重要的意義。本文以二倍體-四倍體水稻為材料,分析6個控制籽粒大小基因在幼穗發(fā)育中的表達(dá)差異,同時結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)基因?qū)嶒?探討基因劑量增加對基因表達(dá)水平和籽粒大小的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):基因組加倍后,水稻的發(fā)育進(jìn)程不變,但株高增加,葉片變寬,籽粒變大,增大后的籽粒在秈稻表現(xiàn)為長、寬均增加顯著,而在粳稻中長度比寬度增加更為明顯。進(jìn)一步分析控制籽粒大小基因的表達(dá)差異情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些基因的表達(dá)不僅受發(fā)育時期的影響,在秈粳亞種間也明顯不同,即受遺傳背景的影響。在基因組加倍的情況下,正調(diào)控基因GS5、HGW的表達(dá)普遍高于對應(yīng)的二倍體;負(fù)調(diào)控基因GS3在秈稻D9311中趨于下調(diào)或沉默,而在粳稻DBl中趨于上調(diào),GW2在D9311中上調(diào),而在DBl中趨于沉默。通過轉(zhuǎn)基因?qū)嶒灧治鲐?fù)調(diào)控基因GW2在二倍體Bl中的表達(dá)趨勢,發(fā)現(xiàn)其在基因劑量線性增加的情況下,表達(dá)水平高于二倍體和四倍體,導(dǎo)致其籽粒變小。本研究結(jié)果有助于了解水稻中控制籽粒大小的基因在二倍體和四倍體中的表達(dá)模式,為高產(chǎn)育種提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Rice is one of the most important food crops. Compared with diploid, tetraploid rice has the characteristics of increasing grain size and grain weight. It is very important to study the regulation pattern of grain size gene after genome doubling. In this paper, diploid tetraploid rice was used to analyze the expression differences of six genes controlling grain size in young panicle development, and the effects of gene dosage on gene expression and grain size were discussed. The results showed that after the genome doubling, the development process of rice was unchanged, but the plant height increased, the leaf became wider and the grain became larger. The grain length and width increased significantly in indica rice, but in japonica rice, the length ratio width increased more obviously. It was found that the expression of these genes was not only affected by the developmental period, but also significantly different between indica and japonica subspecies, that is, by genetic background. Under the condition of genome doubling, the expression of the positive regulatory gene GS5HGW was generally higher than that of the corresponding diploid, while the negative regulatory gene GS3 tended to be down-regulated or silenced in indica rice D9311, while in japonica rice DBl it tended to up-regulate the expression of GW2 in D9311, but silenced in DBl. The expression trend of negative regulatory gene GW2 in diploid Bl was analyzed by transgenic experiment. It was found that the expression level of GW2 in diploid Bl was higher than that in diploid and tetraploid when the gene dose was linearly increased, which resulted in the grain becoming smaller. The results of this study are helpful to understand the expression patterns of genes controlling grain size in diploid and tetraploid rice and to provide theoretical basis for high yield breeding.
【作者單位】： 四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)水稻研究所西南作物基因資源與遺傳改良教育部重點實驗室;臨沂大學(xué)藥學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家重點研發(fā)計劃(編號:2016YFD0100406)資助~~
【分類號】：S511
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本文編號：1868190