本文選題：立方水母　切入點：缽水母　出處：《海洋科學(xué)進(jìn)展》2017年04期

【摘要】：利用編碼線粒體細(xì)胞色素氧化酶I(COI)的基因片段序列,對泰國近海有毒水母69個樣本進(jìn)行遺傳多樣性研究,并探討該片段作為DNA條形碼對泰國近海有毒水母類進(jìn)行快速分類鑒定的可行性,以期為后續(xù)有毒水母的監(jiān)測和預(yù)警、生物學(xué)和生態(tài)學(xué)等的研究提供技術(shù)支撐。基因堿基組成分析表明,立方水母COI序列GC含量為42.1%,明顯高于缽水母(37.1%)和水螅水母(36.9%)。COI基因編碼氨基酸的密碼子第3位點GC含量(30.2%)顯著低于第1,2位點(分別為47.4%,42.1%),且該位點堿基替換頻率最高,轉(zhuǎn)換/顛換比值為1.0,表明該位點堿基突變趨于飽和;但去除密碼子第3位點,對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹的構(gòu)建無顯著影響。根據(jù)COI序列計算3個綱水母的K2P(Kimura 2-parameter)遺傳距離,得出種內(nèi)遺傳差異為0.000~0.151,均值為0.036,同綱種間遺傳差異為0.167~0.321,均值為0.263,綱間遺傳差異為0.246~0.385,均值為0.334。該COI基因片段能夠快速有效區(qū)分這些有毒水母種類。研究表明,泰國沿岸水母多樣性較高,所獲69個樣品可以分為13個種,包括5種缽水母、6種立方水母和2種水螅水母,其中Carukiidae科存在新屬新種。立方水母的地理分布具有明顯的區(qū)域特征,馬來半島東西兩岸存在物種和遺傳多樣性差異,其產(chǎn)生原因還有待于進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:The genetic diversity of 69 samples of toxic jellyfish from the coastal waters of Thailand was studied by using the gene fragment sequence encoding mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ICOI. The feasibility of rapid classification and identification of toxic jellyfish in the coastal waters of Thailand by using this fragment as DNA bar code was discussed in order to monitor and warn the toxic jellyfish in the future. Studies on biology and ecology provide technical support. Analysis of gene base composition shows that, The GC content of the COI sequence of the cubic jellyfish was 42.1, which was significantly higher than that of the jellyfish (37.1) and that of the codon 3 of the codon of the codon (36.9%) was significantly lower than that of the second locus (47.4%, 42.1%, respectively), and the highest base substitution frequency was found in this locus. The conversion / transversion ratio was 1.0, which indicated that the base mutation of the locus tended to be saturated, but the removal of the third site of codon had no significant effect on the construction of phylogenetic tree. The genetic distance of K2P(Kimura 2-parameter of three class jellyfish was calculated according to the COI sequence. The results showed that the intraspecific genetic difference was 0.151, the mean value was 0.036, the genetic difference between the same species was 0.167, the average was 0.263, the genetic difference between the classes was 0.246 and 0.385, and the mean was 0.334.The COI gene fragment could quickly and effectively distinguish these poisonous jellyfish species. The diversity of jellyfish in the coast of Thailand is relatively high, 69 samples can be divided into 13 species, including 5 species of Artemisia, 6 species of cubic jellyfish and 2 species of Hydra jellyfish, among which there are new genera and new species in Carukiidae family. The geographical distribution of cubic jellyfish has obvious regional characteristics. There are species and genetic diversity differences between the east and west sides of the Malay Peninsula, the causes of which need to be further studied.
【作者單位】： 國家海洋局第一海洋研究所;海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程國家海洋局重點實驗室;Phuket
【基金】：中國-東盟海上合作基金項目——瀕危海洋物種合作研究 國家自然科學(xué)青年基金項目——我國海水甲殼類中寄生性甲藻(Hematodinium)的種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)及其分子系統(tǒng)分類地位的研究(41206162)
【分類號】：Q953

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