【摘要】：大功率液力機(jī)械調(diào)速系統(tǒng)具有成本低、壽命長(zhǎng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并且可以在較惡劣的環(huán)境下工作，應(yīng)用在風(fēng)力發(fā)電傳動(dòng)裝置上實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制，可以保證輸出轉(zhuǎn)速不變，從而使用同步電機(jī)。風(fēng)力發(fā)電液力機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置需要變矩器的高效區(qū)范圍寬，設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)速比低。國(guó)內(nèi)的低轉(zhuǎn)速比可調(diào)式變矩器尚沒有成型產(chǎn)品，僅有一種低轉(zhuǎn)速比離心渦輪液力變矩器，即NY5型起動(dòng)液力變矩器。但該變矩器效率較低，高效區(qū)范圍窄，應(yīng)用在風(fēng)力發(fā)電液力機(jī)械傳動(dòng)會(huì)使得整套裝置效率較低。本文將對(duì)該變矩器進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，提高其最高效率和高效區(qū)范圍，將其二級(jí)導(dǎo)輪改成可調(diào)導(dǎo)輪，設(shè)計(jì)成可調(diào)式變矩器。 本文使用數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算方法對(duì)NY5型起動(dòng)液力變矩器進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。先對(duì)NY5型起動(dòng)液力變矩器進(jìn)行建模劃分網(wǎng)格定義物理?xiàng)l件，進(jìn)行流場(chǎng)計(jì)算提取結(jié)果，和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)比分析，驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確程度。再分兩步進(jìn)行優(yōu)化：第一步將一級(jí)導(dǎo)輪的柱狀葉片改為空間扭曲葉片，并分析改后的流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，分析出現(xiàn)一些流場(chǎng)狀態(tài)較差例如回流，脫流的原因；第二步，針對(duì)第一次改后的結(jié)果確定葉柵改型方案，即改變一級(jí)渦輪、二級(jí)渦輪的葉片角以及重新設(shè)計(jì)二級(jí)導(dǎo)輪的葉型，并對(duì)優(yōu)化后的變矩器進(jìn)行計(jì)算，對(duì)比優(yōu)化前后的流場(chǎng)分析優(yōu)化效果。 本文確定了可調(diào)導(dǎo)輪的旋轉(zhuǎn)軸和最大開度導(dǎo)葉所處位置。在確定可調(diào)導(dǎo)輪的參數(shù)之后本文對(duì)100%開度，，84%開度，60%開度下變矩器進(jìn)行不同工況的計(jì)算模擬，分析流場(chǎng)特性。最后分別應(yīng)用一元流計(jì)算方法和數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算可調(diào)式變矩器的軸向力，對(duì)軸向力計(jì)算的方法進(jìn)行了探討，對(duì)比兩者所得的結(jié)果，為軸承選型提供參考，并給出減小軸向力的方法。 通過(guò)本文設(shè)計(jì)的可調(diào)式變矩器最高效率為82.2%，高效區(qū)范圍達(dá)到了2.26，適合用于風(fēng)力發(fā)電傳動(dòng)裝置上。優(yōu)化過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)了造成基型變矩器效率較低的原因是一級(jí)渦輪進(jìn)口處液流的偏離以及二級(jí)導(dǎo)輪入口處較大的沖擊損失。
文內(nèi)圖片：
圖片說(shuō)明：行星齒輪速度疊加原理
[Abstract]:High power hydraulic mechanical speed regulation system has the advantages of low cost and long life, and can work in harsh environment. It can be used in wind power transmission to realize automatic control, which can ensure that the output speed remains unchanged, so that synchronous motor can be used. The hydraulic mechanical transmission of wind power generation needs the high efficiency range of torque converter and the design speed ratio is low. There is no molding product of adjustable torque converter with low speed ratio in China, and there is only one kind of centrifugal turbine torque converter with low speed ratio, that is, NY5 starting torque converter. However, the efficiency of the torque converter is low and the range of high efficiency area is narrow. The application of the torque converter in the hydraulic mechanical transmission of wind power generation will make the efficiency of the whole device lower. In this paper, the torque converter is optimized to improve its maximum efficiency and high efficiency range, and its two-stage guide wheel is changed into adjustable guide wheel, and an adjustable torque converter is designed. In this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to optimize the design of NY5 starting hydraulic torque converter. Firstly, the NY5 starting hydraulic torque converter is modeled and divided into grid to define the physical conditions, and the flow field calculation and extraction results are carried out. The results are compared with the experimental results, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation results is verified. Then the optimization is carried out in two steps: the first step is to change the cylindrical blade of the first guide wheel into the spatial twisted blade, and to analyze the structure of the modified flow field, and to analyze the causes of some poor flow field states, such as reflux and deflow. In the second step, according to the results of the first modification, the cascade modification scheme is determined, that is, the blade angle of the first turbine and the secondary turbine is changed and the blade shape of the secondary guide wheel is redesigned, and the optimized torque converter is calculated, and the optimization effect of the flow field analysis before and after optimization is compared. In this paper, the position of the rotating shaft and the maximum opening guide vane of the adjustable guide wheel is determined. After determining the parameters of the adjustable guide wheel, the torque converter with 100% opening, 84% opening and 60% opening is calculated and simulated under different operating conditions, and the flow field characteristics are analyzed. Finally, the method of calculating axial force of adjustable torque converter is discussed by using single flow calculation method and numerical simulation respectively. the results obtained by the two methods are compared to provide reference for bearing selection, and the method of reducing axial force is given. The maximum efficiency of the adjustable torque converter designed in this paper is 82.2%, and the range of high efficiency area is 2.26, which is suitable for wind power transmission. In the process of optimization, it is found that the low efficiency of the base torque converter is due to the deviation of liquid flow at the inlet of the first turbine and the large impact loss at the entrance of the two-stage guide wheel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH137.332

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