【摘要】：隨著科技的不斷進步,國家綜合實力不斷提高,大力發(fā)展國內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè),起重機作為國內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)上建設(shè)中的一個不可或缺的特種車輛,作為一名起重機行業(yè)的工作者,深知國內(nèi)的起重機技術(shù)與國外還有一定的差距。在多年工作經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)分析了國內(nèi)起重機行業(yè)的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢和劣勢,認(rèn)為車輛驅(qū)動橋振動方面的研究有待于進一步的深入。 文章在第一章節(jié)介紹了關(guān)于起重機技術(shù)目前國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,深刻認(rèn)識到國內(nèi)起重機行業(yè)在轉(zhuǎn)向橋方面研究的缺乏。起重機轉(zhuǎn)向橋由于轉(zhuǎn)向頻率高,受力大等眾多復(fù)雜因素地影響,特別是對于大馬力驅(qū)動橋,與發(fā)達國家相比,國內(nèi)對驅(qū)動橋振動方面的研究還不成熟。 深入研究多橋轉(zhuǎn)向車輛轉(zhuǎn)向的基本原理,對車橋進行靜力學(xué)分析計算,并對轉(zhuǎn)向橋的振動分析理論加以介紹;借助于ADAMS/View工具,選取了某3軸起重機的轉(zhuǎn)向橋作為樣機模型建立的依據(jù),建立了虛擬樣機模型。為了使研究更加深入,本文建立樣機模型時,建立了3軸整車模型,在分析轉(zhuǎn)向橋的同時,能夠更進一步的分析該驅(qū)動橋?qū)φ嚨挠绊憽?虛擬樣機模型建立后,為了分析車輛驅(qū)動橋承受載荷的能力,在各橋添加了同樣的激勵,仿真結(jié)果表明:車輛各橋載荷分布不均,車軸之間的距離需要進行更加細(xì)致的設(shè)計。接下來選取了車輛的轉(zhuǎn)向橋作為研究對象,分析了輪胎的主銷內(nèi)傾角、輪胎外傾角、輪胎前束角的變化,深入探討了轉(zhuǎn)向橋上輪胎在轉(zhuǎn)向時對整車轉(zhuǎn)向性能的影響。為了使車輛轉(zhuǎn)向時更加接近阿克曼定理,選取橋上的轉(zhuǎn)向梯形作為研究的對象,仿真分析了轉(zhuǎn)向梯形橫拉桿的受力情況,在仿真結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上對轉(zhuǎn)向梯形進行了優(yōu)化,優(yōu)化結(jié)果較為理想。 對于起重機來說,行駛工況復(fù)雜,工作路面也不平坦。受到不規(guī)則作用的載荷時,容易激發(fā)起重機橋殼結(jié)構(gòu)的扭轉(zhuǎn)模態(tài)、彎曲模態(tài)、異向彎曲模態(tài)或彎曲扭轉(zhuǎn)組合模態(tài)。為了得出轉(zhuǎn)向橋在各種工況下的振動情況,仿真分析了轉(zhuǎn)向橋殼結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元模型在無約束及載荷條件狀態(tài)下的固有頻率,并且得到了其固有頻率下對應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)振型圖。分析結(jié)果表明:轉(zhuǎn)向橋橋殼的5階模態(tài)固有頻率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于路面的激勵,因此路面激勵不會導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)向橋橋殼的共振,該車橋的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計能夠滿足設(shè)計要求,較為合理。 在文章的最后,總結(jié)了論文主要工作,由于轉(zhuǎn)向橋的復(fù)雜性,不可能對其進行方方面面的分析。在文章研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,對今后關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)向橋方面的研究提出了一些合理性的建議。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of science and technology, the comprehensive strength of the country continues to improve, vigorously develop the domestic infrastructure, crane as an indispensable special vehicle in the construction of the domestic foundation, as a crane industry workers, It is well known that there is still a certain gap between domestic and foreign crane technology. On the basis of many years' working experience, the technical advantages and disadvantages of domestic crane industry are summarized and analyzed, and it is considered that the research on the vibration of vehicle driving axle needs to be further studied. In the first chapter, the present situation of crane technology at home and abroad is introduced, and the lack of research on steering bridge in domestic crane industry is deeply recognized. The crane steering bridge is influenced by many complex factors, such as high steering frequency and great force, especially for the large horsepower drive axle, compared with the developed countries, the domestic research on the vibration of the drive axle is not mature. The basic principle of steering of multi-bridge steering vehicle is studied deeply, the static analysis and calculation of vehicle bridge are carried out, and the vibration analysis theory of steering bridge is introduced. With the help of ADAMS/View tool, the steering axle of a 3-axle crane is selected as the basis for establishing prototype model, and the virtual prototype model is established. In order to further the research, a 3-axis vehicle model is established when the prototype model is established, which can further analyze the influence of the driving axle on the whole vehicle while analyzing the steering axle at the same time. After the establishment of the virtual prototype model, in order to analyze the load-bearing capacity of the vehicle driving axle, the same excitation is added to each bridge. The simulation results show that the load distribution of each bridge is uneven, and the distance between the axles needs to be designed in more detail. Then the steering axle of the vehicle is chosen as the research object, and the changes of the main pin inclination, the tire external inclination and the tire front angle of the tire are analyzed, and the influence of the tire on the steering performance of the whole vehicle is discussed in depth. In order to make the vehicle steering closer to Ackerman's theorem, the steering trapezoid on the bridge is chosen as the research object, and the force of the steering trapezoid transverse pull bar is simulated and analyzed, and the steering trapezoid is optimized on the basis of the simulation results. The optimization results are ideal. For cranes, the driving conditions are complex, the working road is not smooth. When subjected to irregular load, it is easy to excite the torsional mode, bending mode, different bending mode or bending torsional combination mode of crane bridge shell structure. In order to obtain the vibration of steering bridge under various working conditions, the natural frequencies of the finite element model of steering bridge shell structure under unconstrained and loading conditions are simulated and analyzed, and the corresponding structural mode shapes under the natural frequencies are obtained. The analysis results show that the 5th modal natural frequency of steering bridge shell is much larger than that of pavement excitation, so road excitation will not lead to the resonance of steering bridge shell, and the structural design of the vehicle bridge can meet the design requirements and be more reasonable. At the end of the paper, the main work of this paper is summarized, because of the complexity of steering bridge, it is impossible to analyze all aspects of the steering bridge. On the basis of the research in this paper, some reasonable suggestions for the future research on steering bridge are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH21

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