【摘要】：裝載機作為工程機械銷量最大的機種。隨著用戶要求的提高及液壓技術(shù)的進步,對裝載機的質(zhì)量、高效、節(jié)能等方面都提出了很高的要求,傳統(tǒng)的裝載機產(chǎn)品研發(fā)成本高、周期長。本論文以裝載機工作裝置為研究對象,基于simulation X仿真軟件,建立了工作裝置液壓系統(tǒng)的液壓和機械機構(gòu)仿真模型,在實驗的基礎(chǔ)上驗證了仿真模型的正確性。 本文在裝載機液壓系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了泵、多路閥、液壓缸等組成元件的結(jié)構(gòu),并分析了油液流通方式。分別建立了泵、溢流閥、油缸的壓力流量方程,并使用MATLAB對換向閥的過流面積和水力直徑進行了計算。在simulation X中搭建了各液壓元件的模型,并在模型中輸入泵、溢流閥等的特性參數(shù),將CATIA模型中的反轉(zhuǎn)六連桿機構(gòu)導(dǎo)入至simulation X中,并設(shè)置其坐標系及其空間坐標位置。在元件模型的基礎(chǔ)上連接搭建整個工作裝置液壓系統(tǒng)的仿真模型,并設(shè)定仿真環(huán)境和元件參數(shù)的初始值,運行仿真。 對典型工況下工作裝置進行實驗,并對工作裝置中速空載工況下的特性進行了詳細分析。將仿真環(huán)境設(shè)定為實驗環(huán)境,仿真時間和換向閥的控制信號與實驗中保持一致,運行仿真,并將仿真結(jié)果與實驗結(jié)果對比,實驗結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果的差距在允許的范圍內(nèi),對比結(jié)果表明裝載機工作裝置液壓系統(tǒng)的模型是正確的。因為液壓系統(tǒng)性能的影響因素很多,液壓元件和流體之間的作用關(guān)系是不可視的,所以才要通過測試曲線來了解液壓系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的狀態(tài),但是實驗既需要實驗設(shè)備有時還需要特定的實驗元件,既浪費時間又浪費費用。有了正確的仿真模型,就可以在軟件的基礎(chǔ)上對裝載機工作裝置先進行仿真分析查看可行性。 在仿真模型中對工作裝置中速空載工況下的能量損耗進行了分析計算,通過泵的功率曲線,計算得到了泵的耗能,仿真結(jié)果表明,整個工作循環(huán)中高壓溢流損失為37.5%,是整個工作循環(huán)中最主要的能量損失形式。論文還對一些常用的節(jié)能系統(tǒng)的節(jié)能狀況進行了仿真驗證。 本課題建成了裝載機工作裝置液壓系統(tǒng)和機械機構(gòu)的仿真模型,并通過實驗驗證了模型的正確性,通過曲線圖分析了系統(tǒng)的能耗情況,并且搭建了節(jié)能系統(tǒng)的模型。所建立的整個工作裝置的模型可用于對工作裝置的虛擬實驗分析,降低實驗的復(fù)雜程度,并且對產(chǎn)品的改進、節(jié)能及其創(chuàng)新研發(fā)等都具有重要的實用意義。
[Abstract]:Loader as the largest sales of construction machinery type. With the improvement of user requirements and the progress of hydraulic technology, the high requirements for the quality, high efficiency and energy saving of loaders have been put forward. The traditional loaders have high research and development cost and long cycle. In this paper, the hydraulic and mechanical simulation models of the hydraulic system of the loader are established based on the simulation X simulation software, and the correctness of the simulation model is verified on the basis of the experiments. On the basis of hydraulic system of loader, the structure of components such as pump, multi-circuit valve, hydraulic cylinder and so on are analyzed in this paper, and the circulation mode of oil is also analyzed. The pressure-flow equations of pump, relief valve and cylinder are established, and the overflow area and hydraulic diameter of the valve are calculated by MATLAB. The models of hydraulic components are built in simulation X, and the characteristic parameters of pump and relief valve are inputted into the model. The inverted six-bar linkage mechanism in CATIA model is imported into simulation X, and its coordinate system and its spatial coordinate position are set up. On the basis of the component model, the simulation model of the hydraulic system of the whole working device is built, and the initial values of the simulation environment and the parameters of the components are set up, and the simulation is run. Experiments are carried out on the working device under the typical operating conditions, and the characteristics of the working device under the condition of no-load at medium speed are analyzed in detail. The simulation environment is set as the experimental environment, the control signals of the simulation time and the commutation valve are consistent with the experiment, run the simulation, and compare the simulation results with the experimental results, the gap between the experimental results and the simulation results is within the allowed range. The comparison results show that the model of hydraulic system of loader working device is correct. Because there are many factors that affect the performance of the hydraulic system, the relationship between the hydraulic components and the fluid is invisible, so it is necessary to understand the internal state of the hydraulic system through the testing curve. However, experiments require both experimental equipment and sometimes specific experimental elements, which waste both time and cost. With the correct simulation model, the feasibility of the loader working device can be analyzed by simulation on the basis of software. In the simulation model, the energy loss of the working device under the condition of no load at medium speed is analyzed and calculated. Through the power curve of the pump, the energy dissipation of the pump is calculated. The simulation results show that the loss of the high pressure overflow in the whole working cycle is 37.5%. It is the main form of energy loss in the whole work cycle. The paper also simulated and verified the energy-saving status of some commonly used energy-saving systems. In this paper, the simulation models of hydraulic system and mechanical mechanism of loader working device are built, and the correctness of the model is verified by experiment. The energy consumption of the system is analyzed by curve diagram, and the model of energy-saving system is built. The model of the whole working device can be used to analyze the virtual experiment of the working device, reduce the complexity of the experiment, and have important practical significance for the improvement of the product, energy saving and innovative research and development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH243

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