【摘要】：大扭矩電磁離合器是大型機(jī)械設(shè)備的重要傳動(dòng)部件,目前國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)該類型離合器理論研究較少,設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程大都遵循傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法。論文以大型科研項(xiàng)目--軸承試驗(yàn)臺(tái)研制為契機(jī),在離合器傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上采用數(shù)字化、參數(shù)化及數(shù)值模擬等先進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)方法,對(duì)電磁離合器進(jìn)行了詳盡的技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì),完成了工程應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)。 根據(jù)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)高速、重載的技術(shù)要求,確定了電磁離合器動(dòng)摩擦轉(zhuǎn)矩30000Nm,吸合時(shí)間0.6s的性能參數(shù),提出了電磁離合器關(guān)鍵部件、電磁場(chǎng)和整體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)方案,對(duì)摩擦轉(zhuǎn)矩、滑摩功、發(fā)熱及動(dòng)作特性進(jìn)行了理論分析,確定了工況系數(shù)、摩擦系數(shù)、磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度等基本參數(shù)。針對(duì)離合器的銜鐵、磁軛、摩擦片等關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),并根據(jù)各結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)之間的約束關(guān)系,以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量最小為目標(biāo),運(yùn)用MATLAB優(yōu)化工具箱進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,得到了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的最優(yōu)組合,確定了離合器關(guān)鍵部件的基本尺寸。 建立了離合器的理論模型,對(duì)主要部件結(jié)構(gòu)特征進(jìn)行了分析。運(yùn)用ANSYS軟件對(duì)離合器的磁場(chǎng)部分進(jìn)行仿真,分析了電磁力與電流、匝數(shù)、氣隙及銜鐵尺寸之間的關(guān)系,得出電磁力隨電流、匝數(shù)、氣隙及銜鐵尺寸變化的曲線,確定了最優(yōu)化參數(shù),滿足了離合器轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量達(dá)到最小要求。 運(yùn)用UG NX Nastran對(duì)外殼、頂桿、壓盤等部件進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核,并以結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度小于許用應(yīng)力為約束條件,以質(zhì)量最小為目標(biāo),對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,得到了離合器的實(shí)體模型。 運(yùn)用UG NX6軟件運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真模塊對(duì)離合器運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了數(shù)字仿真,分析了離合器工作中的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程狀態(tài),得到了離合器在工作過(guò)程中的動(dòng)態(tài)特性曲線。通過(guò)仿真分析得到離合器優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)滿足試驗(yàn)臺(tái)性能要求。 設(shè)計(jì)了電磁離合器控制電路,完成了樣機(jī)研制,編寫了試驗(yàn)程序,通過(guò)了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)性能測(cè)試試驗(yàn),得到了離合器實(shí)際使用中動(dòng)特性曲線,驗(yàn)證了離合器結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和動(dòng)態(tài)仿真的合理性。
[Abstract]:Large torque electromagnetic clutch is an important transmission part of large-scale mechanical equipment. At present, there is little research on this type of clutch theory in our country, and the design process mostly follows the traditional design method. Taking the development of bearing test-bed, a large-scale scientific research project, as an opportunity, based on the traditional design experience of clutch, this paper adopts the advanced design methods such as digitization, parametrization and numerical simulation to design the electromagnetic clutch in detail. The engineering application design is completed. According to the technical requirements of high speed and heavy load on the test-bed, the performance parameters of electromagnetic clutch dynamic friction torque 30000Nm and absorption time 0.6s are determined. The design scheme of the key components of electromagnetic clutch, the electromagnetic field and the whole structure, the friction torque, the electromagnetic field and the whole structure are presented. The basic parameters, such as working condition coefficient, friction coefficient and magnetic field intensity, are determined by theoretical analysis of sliding power, heating and action characteristics. Aiming at the key components of clutch, such as armature, yoke, friction plate and so on, the structure design is carried out. According to the constraint relation of each structure parameter, aiming at the minimum moment of inertia, the optimization tool box of MATLAB is used to carry on the optimization. The optimum combination of structural parameters is obtained, and the basic dimensions of the key parts of clutch are determined. The theoretical model of clutch is established and the structural characteristics of main components are analyzed. The magnetic field part of clutch is simulated with ANSYS software. The relationship between electromagnetic force and current, turn number, air gap and armature size is analyzed. The curves of electromagnetic force varying with current, turn number, air gap and armature size are obtained, and the relationship between electromagnetic force and current, turn number, air gap and armature size is analyzed. The optimum parameters are determined to meet the minimum requirement of clutch moment of inertia. Using UG NX Nastran to check the strength of shell, jacking rod and pressure plate, the structure size of the clutch is optimized by taking the structural strength less than the allowable stress as the constraint condition and the minimum mass as the goal, and the solid model of the clutch is obtained. The movement state of clutch is simulated by UG NX6 software, and the dynamic characteristic curve of clutch is obtained by analyzing the movement state of clutch in the working process. Through simulation analysis, the optimal design of clutch meets the performance requirements of the test-bed. The control circuit of the electromagnetic clutch is designed, the prototype is developed, the test program is compiled, and the dynamic characteristic curve of the clutch is obtained through the field performance test. The rationality of optimal design and dynamic simulation of clutch structure is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.4

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