發(fā)布時間：2019-02-14 14:35

【摘要】：空氣靜壓電主軸具有低摩擦特性、優(yōu)良的高低速和高低溫性能,運動平穩(wěn)、回轉精度高、噪音低、振動小,結構緊湊、傳動鏈短、機械效率高等優(yōu)點,在精密超高速輕載切削裝備中得到了廣泛的應用。其熱態(tài)特性是影響主軸工作穩(wěn)定性和機床加工精度的重要因素。因此,針對空氣靜壓電主軸的熱態(tài)特性研究對提高主軸的熱穩(wěn)定性保證主軸的熱剛度具有重要意義。 目前國內電主軸熱態(tài)特性的研究對象主要集中于高速大功率滾動軸承電主軸,而針對超高速空氣靜壓軸承電主軸熱態(tài)特性的研究很少。本文以超高速空氣靜壓電主軸為研究對象,采用三維有限元建模與仿真分析方法,對電主軸的熱態(tài)特性進行相關的仿真分析,并進行了實驗研究,主要研究工作包括： 1、對超高速空氣靜壓電主軸內部熱力學特性進行分析,得到絕熱等熵狀態(tài)下空氣軸承的生熱和傳熱機制。得出空氣靜壓軸承的生熱、傳熱規(guī)律、影響軸承溫升的主要因素以及空氣靜壓軸承的模型簡化方法。 2、采用有限元分析方法,對超高速空氣靜壓電主軸進行了三維實體建模,充分考慮內裝電機和空氣靜壓軸承等關鍵部件的幾何結構；在有限元實體模型中根據各零件的裝配關系,考慮了熱接觸對結構傳熱的影響；對空氣靜壓電主軸熱源和散熱特性進行精確分析和量化計算,得到電主軸主要熱源的生熱率以及主軸各部位的換熱系數以及它們與主軸結構、主軸轉速、冷卻系統(tǒng)水流量、氣路系統(tǒng)氣流量、環(huán)境溫度等因素的關系；對比分析了不同工況條件下、不同轉速、不同材料表面發(fā)射率下的主軸溫度場分布結果,提出了改善空氣靜壓電主軸溫度場分布的具體措施。 3、最后,對空氣靜壓電主軸空載時的熱態(tài)特性進行了實驗研究,實驗結果與仿真分析結果比較接近,這表明本文構建的空氣靜壓電主軸三維有限元實體模型及模型處理方法比較合理,有限元仿真分析的邊界條件求導結果比較合理,仿真結果具有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:The air hydrostatic motorized spindle has the advantages of low friction, excellent performance of high and low speed and low temperature, steady motion, high precision of rotation, low noise, small vibration, compact structure, short transmission chain, high mechanical efficiency, etc. It is widely used in precision super high speed light load cutting equipment. The thermal characteristic is an important factor to affect the working stability of spindle and the machining accuracy of machine tool. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the thermal stability of the spindle and ensure the thermal stiffness of the spindle based on the thermal characteristics of the aerostatic motorized spindle. At present, the research object of hot state characteristic of motorized spindle in China is mainly concentrated on high speed and high power rolling bearing motorized spindle, but there is little research on hot state characteristic of ultra high speed air static bearing motorized spindle. In this paper, the super-high speed hydrostatic motorized spindle is taken as the research object, and the three-dimensional finite element modeling and simulation analysis method is used to simulate and analyze the thermal characteristics of the motorized spindle, and the experimental research is carried out. The main research work is as follows: 1. Based on the analysis of the internal thermodynamic characteristics of the ultra-high speed aerostatic motorized spindle, the heat generation and heat transfer mechanism of the air bearing under adiabatic isentropic state are obtained. The heat generation and heat transfer law of the aerostatic bearing, the main factors affecting the temperature rise of the bearing and the simplified model method of the aerostatic bearing are obtained. 2. Using finite element analysis method, the 3D solid modeling of ultra-high speed aerostatic motor spindle is carried out, and the geometric structure of the key parts, such as internal motor and air static bearing, is fully considered. In the finite element solid model, according to the assembly relation of each part, the influence of thermal contact on heat transfer of the structure is considered. The heat source and heat dissipation characteristics of the air hydrostatic spindle are analyzed and quantified. The heat generation rate of the main heat source and the heat transfer coefficient of all parts of the spindle, as well as their relationship with the spindle structure, spindle speed, cooling system water flow, are obtained. The relationship between gas flow rate, ambient temperature and other factors in gas path system; The results of temperature field distribution of spindle under different operating conditions, different rotational speeds and different emissivity of material surface are compared and analyzed, and specific measures to improve the temperature field distribution of air hydrostatic motorized spindle are put forward. 3. Finally, the experimental study on the thermal characteristics of the aerostatic motorized spindle is carried out when there is no load, and the experimental results are close to those of the simulation analysis. This indicates that the three-dimensional finite element solid model and its processing method are reasonable, and the boundary conditions of finite element simulation analysis are reasonable, and the simulation results have certain reference value.
【學位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH133.36

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 李美波;高性能靜壓氣浮運動系統(tǒng)熱耦合分析及熱誤差控制[D];北方工業(yè)大學;2013年

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本文編號：2422298