發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-14 14:35

【摘要】：空氣靜壓電主軸具有低摩擦特性、優(yōu)良的高低速和高低溫性能,運(yùn)動(dòng)平穩(wěn)、回轉(zhuǎn)精度高、噪音低、振動(dòng)小,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、傳動(dòng)鏈短、機(jī)械效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在精密超高速輕載切削裝備中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。其熱態(tài)特性是影響主軸工作穩(wěn)定性和機(jī)床加工精度的重要因素。因此,針對(duì)空氣靜壓電主軸的熱態(tài)特性研究對(duì)提高主軸的熱穩(wěn)定性保證主軸的熱剛度具有重要意義。 目前國(guó)內(nèi)電主軸熱態(tài)特性的研究對(duì)象主要集中于高速大功率滾動(dòng)軸承電主軸,而針對(duì)超高速空氣靜壓軸承電主軸熱態(tài)特性的研究很少。本文以超高速空氣靜壓電主軸為研究對(duì)象,采用三維有限元建模與仿真分析方法,對(duì)電主軸的熱態(tài)特性進(jìn)行相關(guān)的仿真分析,并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,主要研究工作包括： 1、對(duì)超高速空氣靜壓電主軸內(nèi)部熱力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行分析,得到絕熱等熵狀態(tài)下空氣軸承的生熱和傳熱機(jī)制。得出空氣靜壓軸承的生熱、傳熱規(guī)律、影響軸承溫升的主要因素以及空氣靜壓軸承的模型簡(jiǎn)化方法。 2、采用有限元分析方法,對(duì)超高速空氣靜壓電主軸進(jìn)行了三維實(shí)體建模,充分考慮內(nèi)裝電機(jī)和空氣靜壓軸承等關(guān)鍵部件的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)；在有限元實(shí)體模型中根據(jù)各零件的裝配關(guān)系,考慮了熱接觸對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱的影響；對(duì)空氣靜壓電主軸熱源和散熱特性進(jìn)行精確分析和量化計(jì)算,得到電主軸主要熱源的生熱率以及主軸各部位的換熱系數(shù)以及它們與主軸結(jié)構(gòu)、主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、冷卻系統(tǒng)水流量、氣路系統(tǒng)氣流量、環(huán)境溫度等因素的關(guān)系；對(duì)比分析了不同工況條件下、不同轉(zhuǎn)速、不同材料表面發(fā)射率下的主軸溫度場(chǎng)分布結(jié)果,提出了改善空氣靜壓電主軸溫度場(chǎng)分布的具體措施。 3、最后,對(duì)空氣靜壓電主軸空載時(shí)的熱態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真分析結(jié)果比較接近,這表明本文構(gòu)建的空氣靜壓電主軸三維有限元實(shí)體模型及模型處理方法比較合理,有限元仿真分析的邊界條件求導(dǎo)結(jié)果比較合理,仿真結(jié)果具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The air hydrostatic motorized spindle has the advantages of low friction, excellent performance of high and low speed and low temperature, steady motion, high precision of rotation, low noise, small vibration, compact structure, short transmission chain, high mechanical efficiency, etc. It is widely used in precision super high speed light load cutting equipment. The thermal characteristic is an important factor to affect the working stability of spindle and the machining accuracy of machine tool. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the thermal stability of the spindle and ensure the thermal stiffness of the spindle based on the thermal characteristics of the aerostatic motorized spindle. At present, the research object of hot state characteristic of motorized spindle in China is mainly concentrated on high speed and high power rolling bearing motorized spindle, but there is little research on hot state characteristic of ultra high speed air static bearing motorized spindle. In this paper, the super-high speed hydrostatic motorized spindle is taken as the research object, and the three-dimensional finite element modeling and simulation analysis method is used to simulate and analyze the thermal characteristics of the motorized spindle, and the experimental research is carried out. The main research work is as follows: 1. Based on the analysis of the internal thermodynamic characteristics of the ultra-high speed aerostatic motorized spindle, the heat generation and heat transfer mechanism of the air bearing under adiabatic isentropic state are obtained. The heat generation and heat transfer law of the aerostatic bearing, the main factors affecting the temperature rise of the bearing and the simplified model method of the aerostatic bearing are obtained. 2. Using finite element analysis method, the 3D solid modeling of ultra-high speed aerostatic motor spindle is carried out, and the geometric structure of the key parts, such as internal motor and air static bearing, is fully considered. In the finite element solid model, according to the assembly relation of each part, the influence of thermal contact on heat transfer of the structure is considered. The heat source and heat dissipation characteristics of the air hydrostatic spindle are analyzed and quantified. The heat generation rate of the main heat source and the heat transfer coefficient of all parts of the spindle, as well as their relationship with the spindle structure, spindle speed, cooling system water flow, are obtained. The relationship between gas flow rate, ambient temperature and other factors in gas path system; The results of temperature field distribution of spindle under different operating conditions, different rotational speeds and different emissivity of material surface are compared and analyzed, and specific measures to improve the temperature field distribution of air hydrostatic motorized spindle are put forward. 3. Finally, the experimental study on the thermal characteristics of the aerostatic motorized spindle is carried out when there is no load, and the experimental results are close to those of the simulation analysis. This indicates that the three-dimensional finite element solid model and its processing method are reasonable, and the boundary conditions of finite element simulation analysis are reasonable, and the simulation results have certain reference value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.36

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李美波;高性能靜壓氣浮運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)熱耦合分析及熱誤差控制[D];北方工業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2422298