【摘要】：減速器是起重機(jī)的重要部分,由于其失效會(huì)使得整機(jī)產(chǎn)生破壞,為了避免此類問(wèn)題的發(fā)生,本文以MQ4599門座起重機(jī)起升機(jī)構(gòu)中的減速器高速軸為研究對(duì)象,以理論力學(xué)、有限元法、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、機(jī)械振動(dòng)等理論知識(shí)為指導(dǎo),借助ANSYS有限元分析軟件,結(jié)合數(shù)學(xué)建模和計(jì)算機(jī)建模的方法,借鑒前人已有的研究成果,在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)起重機(jī)減速器箱體整體進(jìn)行分析,找出其薄弱結(jié)構(gòu),并對(duì)其高速軸的失效影響因素分別進(jìn)行研究,在實(shí)際工程運(yùn)用中會(huì)有一定的意義,主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下方面： (1)利用理論力學(xué)、材料力學(xué)知識(shí),分析制動(dòng)輪慣性力、軸不對(duì)中、制動(dòng)器扭矩對(duì)減速器高速軸強(qiáng)度失效影響,建立了各量與高速軸強(qiáng)度的關(guān)系式。 (2)分析減速器高速軸在工作過(guò)程中,由于聯(lián)軸器、齒輪、制動(dòng)輪等高速旋轉(zhuǎn)而具有很大的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量,在此情況下分析整個(gè)軸系的受力,建立系統(tǒng)的平衡方程,從而得出轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量對(duì)高速軸失效的影響。 (3)對(duì)聯(lián)軸器不對(duì)中與電機(jī)軸與減速器高速軸不對(duì)中的情形進(jìn)行研究,分別分析了慣性力和阻尼力對(duì)系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)的影響,慣性力使系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生彎曲振動(dòng),并且在接近軸承處的振動(dòng)幅度要比遠(yuǎn)離聯(lián)軸器處的振動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈,阻尼力使系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng),然而關(guān)于系統(tǒng)的扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng),接近聯(lián)軸器軸承處的振動(dòng)幅度要比遠(yuǎn)離聯(lián)軸器軸承處的振動(dòng)幅度要小。 (4)分析了高速軸上偏心圓盤對(duì)其失效的影響,偏心量越大,則使得軸的撓度越大：同時(shí)也研究了剛性聯(lián)軸器、撓性聯(lián)軸器和柔性聯(lián)軸器幾種不同類型聯(lián)軸器對(duì)減速器失效的影響程度,因?yàn)槿邉傂缘牟煌?使得臨界速度不同,對(duì)于實(shí)際工程運(yùn)用中聯(lián)軸器的選取有一定的意義：最后簡(jiǎn)單分析了軸承和底座對(duì)減速器失效的影響。 (5)借助ANSYS11.0軟件對(duì)特定的起重機(jī)減速器整個(gè)箱體進(jìn)行實(shí)體建模,由于齒輪接觸模擬非常復(fù)雜,模型建立過(guò)程中將齒輪之間的接觸去掉,分別使用LINK10和BEAM4單元模擬軸承,對(duì)減速器箱體和軸進(jìn)行了靜力分析,得出整個(gè)箱體的薄弱結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在高速軸上,則在減速器工作過(guò)程中,最可能出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的地方是其高速軸,對(duì)前面理論分析起到一個(gè)驗(yàn)證作用。
[Abstract]:The reducer is an important part of the crane. In order to avoid this kind of problem, the high speed shaft of the reducer in the lifting mechanism of the MQ4599 portal crane is taken as the research object, and the theoretical mechanics is taken as the research object. Under the guidance of theoretical knowledge of finite element method, structural mechanics and mechanical vibration, with the help of ANSYS finite element analysis software, combined with the methods of mathematical modeling and computer modeling, and drawing lessons from the previous research achievements, on this basis, This paper analyzes the whole body of the reducer box of the crane, finds out its weak structure, and studies the factors affecting the failure of its high-speed shaft respectively, which will be of certain significance in the practical engineering application. The main research contents are as follows: (1) based on the knowledge of theoretical mechanics and material mechanics, the influence of brake torque on the strength failure of high speed shaft of reducer is analyzed by analyzing the inertia force of brake wheel and shaft misalignment. The relationship between each quantity and the strength of high speed shaft is established. (2) it is analyzed that the high speed shaft of reducer has great moment of inertia due to the high speed rotation of coupling, gear and brake wheel. In this case, the force of the whole shaft system is analyzed, and the balance equation of the system is established. The influence of moment of inertia on the failure of high speed shaft is obtained. (3) the influence of inertia force and damping force on the vibration of the system is analyzed, and the bending vibration of the system is caused by the inertial force, and the misalignment of the coupling between the electrical shaft and the high speed shaft of the reducer is studied, and the influence of the inertia force and damping force on the vibration of the system is analyzed respectively. And the amplitude of the vibration near the bearing is stronger than the vibration far away from the coupling. The damping force causes the system to produce torsional vibration. However, with regard to the torsional vibration of the system, The vibration amplitude near the coupling bearing is smaller than that near the coupling bearing. (4) the influence of eccentric disk on the failure of high speed shaft is analyzed. The greater the eccentricity, the bigger the deflection of shaft. At the same time, the rigid coupling is also studied. The influence of flexible coupling and flexible coupling on the failure of reducer, because of the different rigidity, the critical speed is different. It has a certain significance for the selection of coupling in practical engineering. Finally, the influence of bearing and base on reducer failure is simply analyzed. (5) using ANSYS11.0 software to model the whole box of a specific crane reducer. Because the contact simulation of gear is very complicated, the contact between gears is removed in the process of establishing the model, and the bearing is simulated by LINK10 and BEAM4 element, respectively. The static analysis of the reducer box and shaft shows that the weak structure of the whole box appears on the high-speed shaft, and the most likely problem in the working process of the reducer is its high-speed shaft. To the previous theoretical analysis plays a role in verification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH21

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