發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-16 04:13

【摘要】：高速離心泵是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)機(jī)械中的一類基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備，其在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中起著越來越重要的作用，廣泛應(yīng)用于航空航天、石油化工、能源、制藥、采礦、紙漿造紙等諸多行業(yè)。高速離心泵結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，其主軸系統(tǒng)使用二級(jí)齒輪增速系統(tǒng)，高速軸轉(zhuǎn)速高達(dá)每分鐘上萬轉(zhuǎn)。針對(duì)此種工況，高速離心泵主軸系統(tǒng)選用滑動(dòng)軸承進(jìn)行支承。滑動(dòng)軸承工作平穩(wěn)、可靠、無噪音，在充分液體潤滑的條件下，，滑動(dòng)表面摩擦損失較小，并具有一定的吸振能力。 滑動(dòng)軸承作為高速離心泵的重要部件之一，其性能直接關(guān)系到高速離心泵的可靠性以及運(yùn)行壽命。隨著高速離心泵技術(shù)的發(fā)展，主軸越來越高的轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)滑動(dòng)軸承的穩(wěn)定性和承載能力提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。所以，為了提高高速離心泵運(yùn)行時(shí)的安全性和可靠性，延長軸承的使用壽命,合理確定形位公差、裝配間隙，降低成本，所以需要對(duì)滑動(dòng)軸承的承載能力進(jìn)行研究。 本文采用有限體積方法，通過數(shù)值分析計(jì)算和仿真相結(jié)合的方法，對(duì)推力滑動(dòng)軸承的承載能力進(jìn)行研究。首先運(yùn)用Ansys-CFX軟件對(duì)高速離心泵內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行三維數(shù)值模擬，計(jì)算主軸所受軸、徑向載荷分布情況。再將有限體積法應(yīng)用到滑動(dòng)軸承動(dòng)、靜態(tài)特性分析之中，建立了一條滑動(dòng)軸承潤滑性能分析的框架模式。建立動(dòng)靜態(tài)雷諾控制方程、劃分網(wǎng)格、并對(duì)控制方程作無量綱處理，應(yīng)用有限體積法對(duì)方程進(jìn)行離散，最終采用逐點(diǎn)松弛法利用Matlab軟件自行編程進(jìn)行迭代求解，從而計(jì)算軸承承載能力、剛度和阻尼系數(shù)等數(shù)據(jù)，并分析了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和轉(zhuǎn)速、初始油膜厚度參數(shù)等輸入?yún)?shù)的改變對(duì)潤滑性能地影響。最終運(yùn)用Ansys-Fluent軟件對(duì)滑動(dòng)軸承潤滑狀況進(jìn)行流場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真，計(jì)算軸向力分布，將仿真和數(shù)值計(jì)算的結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較，結(jié)果基本一致，驗(yàn)證了有限體積法在滑動(dòng)軸承流體潤滑分析計(jì)算的可行性和正確性。 本文通過對(duì)推力滑動(dòng)軸承承載能力的深入研究,表明推力滑動(dòng)軸承具有承載力高、穩(wěn)定性好的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可以適應(yīng)高速離心泵高速轉(zhuǎn)軸的要求,為動(dòng)壓潤滑推力滑動(dòng)軸承的工程設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)用提供了理論技術(shù)參考，為今后進(jìn)一步的研究打下理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:High speed centrifugal pump is a kind of basic equipment in modern industrial machinery, which plays a more and more important role in industrial production. It is widely used in aerospace, petrochemical, energy, pharmaceutical, mining, pulp and paper making and many other industries. The structure of high speed centrifugal pump is complex, its spindle system uses two-stage gear increasing system, the speed of high speed shaft is as high as ten thousand revolutions per minute. In view of this condition, the spindle system of high speed centrifugal pump is supported by sliding bearing. The sliding bearing works stably, reliably and noiselessly. Under the condition of sufficient liquid lubrication, the friction loss of sliding surface is relatively small, and the sliding bearing has certain vibration absorption ability. As one of the important components of high speed centrifugal pump, the performance of sliding bearing is directly related to the reliability and service life of high speed centrifugal pump. With the development of high-speed centrifugal pump technology, the increasing speed of spindle poses a new challenge to the stability and bearing capacity of sliding bearings. Therefore, in order to improve the safety and reliability of high-speed centrifugal pump, prolong the service life of bearing, determine the tolerance of shape and position reasonably, assemble clearance and reduce the cost, it is necessary to study the bearing capacity of sliding bearing. In this paper, the bearing capacity of thrust sliding bearing is studied by using the finite volume method and the method of numerical analysis and simulation. Firstly, Ansys-CFX software is used to simulate the internal flow field of high speed centrifugal pump, and the axial and radial load distribution of the spindle is calculated. Then the finite volume method is applied to the analysis of the dynamic and static characteristics of sliding bearings, and a frame model for lubricating performance analysis of sliding bearings is established. The dynamic and static Reynolds control equations are established, the control equations are meshed, the governing equations are dimensionless, the finite volume method is used to discretize the equations, and the point-by-point relaxation method is used to solve the equations iteratively by using Matlab software. The bearing capacity, stiffness and damping coefficient of the bearing are calculated, and the influence of the input parameters, such as the stability and rotational speed of the system, the initial oil film thickness, on the lubrication performance is analyzed. Finally, the flow field motion of sliding bearing lubrication is simulated by Ansys-Fluent software, the axial force distribution is calculated, and the results of simulation and numerical calculation are compared, the results are basically the same. The feasibility and correctness of finite volume method in fluid lubrication analysis of sliding bearing are verified. By studying the bearing capacity of thrust sliding bearing, it is shown that thrust sliding bearing has the advantages of high bearing capacity and good stability, and can meet the requirements of high-speed rotary shaft of high-speed centrifugal pump. It provides a theoretical and technical reference for the engineering design and application of hydrodynamic lubricated thrust sliding bearings and lays a theoretical foundation for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH311

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