【摘要】：壓力容器及設(shè)備的局部應(yīng)力計(jì)算問(wèn)題是設(shè)計(jì)及檢修過(guò)程中經(jīng)常遇到的問(wèn)題。過(guò)大的局部應(yīng)力可能會(huì)使結(jié)構(gòu)局部超載而產(chǎn)生過(guò)大的變形,或在交變載荷作用下造成疲勞破壞,危及容器及設(shè)備安全性,在設(shè)計(jì)中需予以考慮。論文全篇圍繞局部應(yīng)力的計(jì)算及分析展開(kāi),運(yùn)用數(shù)值計(jì)算方法計(jì)算應(yīng)力,采用分析設(shè)計(jì)方法中的應(yīng)力分類法和經(jīng)典理論計(jì)算進(jìn)行分析。同時(shí)對(duì)已被歐盟列入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的另一種分析設(shè)計(jì)方法直接法進(jìn)行了學(xué)習(xí)。對(duì)數(shù)值計(jì)算的結(jié)果在一定程度上進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。研究?jī)?nèi)容主要選取的結(jié)構(gòu)是一些在工程實(shí)際中常遇到的非標(biāo)容器及設(shè)備。例如：帶大孔徑接管錐殼變徑段、容器殼體切向接管區(qū)、塔器變徑段等。同時(shí)對(duì)實(shí)際中常遇到的疲勞破壞問(wèn)題做了一定研究,并以一工程實(shí)例進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。再者,對(duì)外壓容器的設(shè)計(jì)方法做了總結(jié),并對(duì)外壓容器設(shè)計(jì)新方法中的一些提法運(yùn)用數(shù)值計(jì)算加以說(shuō)明。全文通過(guò)計(jì)算分析得出上述重要結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)力分布圖,并對(duì)其應(yīng)力進(jìn)行了分類,采用不同的準(zhǔn)則加以限制,使工程人員對(duì)這些的強(qiáng)度有了更好的把握。這樣使所設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)既保證了安全性,同時(shí)也更加經(jīng)濟(jì)。對(duì)外壓容器設(shè)計(jì)新方法的數(shù)值計(jì)算解釋,是工程人員充分認(rèn)識(shí)到新方法制定的內(nèi)在原因,對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)有更好的把握。
[Abstract]:Local stress calculation of pressure vessel and equipment is a common problem in design and maintenance. Excessive local stress may cause excessive deformation due to local overloading of the structure, or fatigue damage under alternating load, which endangers the safety of vessels and equipment, which should be considered in the design. The whole paper focuses on the calculation and analysis of local stress. The numerical method is used to calculate the stress, and the stress classification method and classical theoretical calculation in the analytical design method are used to analyze the stress. At the same time, another direct method of analysis and design, which has been included in the EU standard, has been studied. The numerical results are verified by experiments to some extent. The main structures selected are non-standard containers and equipments which are often encountered in engineering practice. For example, the tapered shell with large aperture, the tangential nozzle of vessel shell, the variable diameter section of tower, etc. At the same time, the problem of fatigue failure which is often encountered in practice is studied, and an engineering example is given to illustrate it. Furthermore, the design method of external pressure vessel is summarized, and some references in the new design method of external pressure vessel are explained by numerical calculation. Through the calculation and analysis, the stress distribution map of the above important structures is obtained, and its stress is classified and restricted by different criteria, so that the engineers have a better grasp of the strength of these structures. In this way, the designed structure not only guarantees the security, but also becomes more economical. The numerical calculation and interpretation of the new design method for external pressure vessels is a better understanding of the internal reasons of the new method and a better understanding of the design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TQ050;TH123.4

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