【摘要】：現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)中,旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械日益高速化、重載化、自動(dòng)化以及功能多樣化,轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)作為旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的關(guān)鍵部件,時(shí)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多問(wèn)題。運(yùn)行環(huán)境的惡劣以及設(shè)備安裝過(guò)程中存在的誤差都將激發(fā)起各種復(fù)雜非線性因素作用,引發(fā)旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械激烈的振動(dòng)。比如,因運(yùn)動(dòng)部件與靜止部件發(fā)生碰摩故障而產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)。碰摩故障通常為其它故障的間接結(jié)果。振動(dòng)原因可能是由轉(zhuǎn)子質(zhì)量不平衡、軸系失穩(wěn)、機(jī)組中心不對(duì)中或者熱膨脹等引起。系統(tǒng)一旦發(fā)生碰摩,轉(zhuǎn)子零部件很可能會(huì)由于扭轉(zhuǎn)疲勞或者其他過(guò)多的彎曲運(yùn)動(dòng)引起破壞。輕則影響工作效率,重則機(jī)毀人亡。而不平衡故障常常潛伏在機(jī)組中,其極易引發(fā)惡性的振動(dòng)事故。這些事故所造成的人員傷亡、社會(huì)危害和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失都是不可估量的。 較為復(fù)雜的機(jī)組振動(dòng)特性研究是不適宜采用簡(jiǎn)單的模型。因此,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代數(shù)值分析理論和轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)力學(xué)理論來(lái)研究復(fù)合故障的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)建模、求解以及彎-扭耦合振動(dòng)特性,已成為當(dāng)今國(guó)內(nèi)外的熱門研究課題之一。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)單故障和復(fù)合故障的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)彎-扭耦合振動(dòng)特性逐步進(jìn)行了研究,并建立了4個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)模型。第一步,考慮滾動(dòng)軸承的滾動(dòng)體與內(nèi)外圈之間的非線性赫茲接觸力,建立了一個(gè)基于滾動(dòng)軸承支承的質(zhì)量不平衡轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)力學(xué)模型；第二步,針對(duì)兩端剛性支承的單圓盤轉(zhuǎn)子,建立了碰摩轉(zhuǎn)子模型；第三步,將不平衡轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)置于兩種工況下,即一種在外激勵(lì)力作用下,另一種在外激勵(lì)扭矩作用下,分別建立相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)彎-扭耦合振動(dòng)模型；第四步,建立了一個(gè)不平衡故障和碰摩故障復(fù)合作用下的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)有限元模型。 對(duì)于這4個(gè)模型,本文采用了兩種數(shù)值分析法來(lái)求解系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng),他們分別是四階龍格庫(kù)塔法和紐馬克-β法。利用位移圖(振動(dòng)波形圖)、瞬時(shí)頻率圖、包絡(luò)圖、載波圖、相圖、軸心軌跡圖、龐加萊映射圖分析了各個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)在特定參數(shù)下的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征,通過(guò)上面的相關(guān)圖形分析了轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)隨若干參數(shù)(轉(zhuǎn)速、轉(zhuǎn)子質(zhì)量、軸承等效質(zhì)量、偏心距、轉(zhuǎn)軸等效剛度等)變化時(shí)系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng),以及耦合故障下的振動(dòng)特性。為不同工況下的故障診斷奠定了一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In modern production, rotating machinery is becoming more and more high speed, heavy load, automation and diversified functions. As a key component of rotating machinery, many problems often arise. The bad running environment and the errors in the installation of the equipment will excite all kinds of complex nonlinear factors and cause the violent vibration of the rotating machinery. For example, vibration caused by rub-impact failure of moving parts and stationary parts. Rub-impact faults are usually indirect results of other faults. Vibration may be caused by rotor mass imbalance, shafting instability, unit center misalignment or thermal expansion. Once the system is rubbed, rotor parts may be damaged by torsional fatigue or other excessive bending motion. Light will affect the efficiency of work, heavy damage to the machine death. But the unbalanced fault often lurks in the unit, it is easy to cause the malignant vibration accident. The casualties, social harm and economic losses caused by these accidents are incalculable. It is not suitable to use a simple model to study the vibration characteristics of complex units. Therefore, the application of modern numerical analysis theory and rotor dynamics theory to study the rotor system modeling, solving and bending torsional coupling vibration characteristics of complex faults has become one of the hot research topics at home and abroad. In this paper, the bending-torsional coupling vibration characteristics of rotor system with single and complex faults are studied step by step, and four rotor system models are established. In the first step, considering the nonlinear Hertz contact force between the rolling body and the inner and outer ring of the rolling bearing, a mass unbalance rotor dynamic model based on the rolling bearing support is established. In the second step, the rub-impact rotor model is established for the single-disk rotor with rigid supports at both ends. In the third step, the unbalance rotor system is put into two working conditions, that is, under one kind of external excitation force and the other kind of external excitation torque, the corresponding bending-torsional coupling vibration model of the rotor system is established respectively. In the fourth step, a finite element model of rotor system under the combined action of unbalanced fault and rub-impact fault is established. For these four models, two kinds of numerical analysis methods are used to solve the response of the system. They are the fourth order Runge-Kutta method and the Newmark-尾 method. The motion characteristics of each rotor system under certain parameters are analyzed by means of displacement diagram (vibration waveform), instantaneous frequency diagram, envelope diagram, carrier chart, phase diagram, axis locus diagram and Poincare map. The response of the rotor system with some parameters (rotational speed, rotor mass, bearing equivalent mass, eccentricity, equivalent stiffness of the shaft, etc.) and the vibration characteristics of the rotor system under coupling faults are analyzed by using the above related graphs. It lays a certain theoretical foundation for fault diagnosis under different working conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH113.1

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