【摘要】：近來海上溢油事故頻繁發(fā)生,各國(guó)越來越重視溢油的防治與回收。鑒于海上溢油回收作業(yè)方式以及污油的特性,污油輸送泵應(yīng)具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、重量輕、處理量大、可輸送含固體顆粒或粘性較大的流體,并具有空載運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、過載不會(huì)燒毀的特點(diǎn)。隔膜泵工作原理適于溢油回收,但國(guó)產(chǎn)隔膜泵結(jié)構(gòu)笨重、處理量低,國(guó)外技術(shù)封鎖嚴(yán)重。因此,開發(fā)適合中國(guó)國(guó)情、價(jià)格低、處理量相對(duì)較大的新型隔膜泵已經(jīng)成為目前亟待解決的問題。應(yīng)用引流原理的隔膜泵體積效率有很大提高,更適合海上污油輸送。 論文根據(jù)流體力學(xué)的基本原理,建立了引流隔膜泵的理論模型,并對(duì)微分方程組進(jìn)行了求解,得到了理論引流泵內(nèi)部流體的流動(dòng)規(guī)律。分析表明,引流泵的工作過程分為推進(jìn)流動(dòng)和引流流動(dòng)兩個(gè)階段,在推進(jìn)流動(dòng)階段,活塞排出流體速度大于排出管道中流體速度,部分流體儲(chǔ)存于緩沖罐中,隨著活塞速度的降低,緩沖罐中的流體又被釋放出來,繼續(xù)推動(dòng)流體加速;在引流流動(dòng)階段,外界流體在排出管道中流體慣性力的作用下繼續(xù)被輸送。用速度源項(xiàng)模擬緩沖罐的作用,并基于In-Form方法和動(dòng)物體方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了閥門的開關(guān)功能,編寫了物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的MOF文件,最終形成了一套引流隔膜泵的數(shù)值計(jì)算方法。應(yīng)用該方法對(duì)一理論引流泵進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,驗(yàn)證了引流流動(dòng)的存在,并且表明在理論條件下引流泵的體積效率達(dá)到了200%以上。同時(shí),計(jì)算流量曲線與理論推導(dǎo)所得曲線大致相同,驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值研究方法的合理性。應(yīng)用同樣的數(shù)值研究方法,對(duì)一實(shí)際引流隔膜泵的內(nèi)部流動(dòng)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,發(fā)現(xiàn)在引流作用下泵的體積效率為127%,但內(nèi)部流動(dòng)明顯不對(duì)稱,主流偏向于排出管道一側(cè),泵內(nèi)流動(dòng)損失較大。對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)引流隔膜泵內(nèi)部流動(dòng)的數(shù)值模擬表明,內(nèi)部流動(dòng)損失明顯減小,引流效果有所增強(qiáng)。論文研究結(jié)果對(duì)引流隔膜泵的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)有一定的理論指導(dǎo)價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Recently, oil spill accidents occur frequently at sea, and more countries pay attention to prevention and recovery of oil spills. In view of the mode of recovery of oil spills at sea and the characteristics of the contaminated oil, the pump should be compact in structure, light in weight, large in handling capacity, capable of transporting fluids containing solid particles or large viscosity, and have no-load operation and continuous operation, The feature that overload does not burn. The working principle of diaphragm pump is suitable for oil spill recovery, but the domestic diaphragm pump is heavy in structure, low in handling capacity and severely blocked by foreign technology. Therefore, the development of a new type of diaphragm pump, which is suitable for China's national conditions, low price and relatively large handling capacity, has become an urgent problem to be solved. The volume efficiency of diaphragm pump based on drainage principle has been greatly improved, which is more suitable for oil transport on the sea. According to the basic principle of fluid mechanics, the theoretical model of the drainage diaphragm pump is established, and the differential equations are solved, and the internal fluid flow law of the theoretical drainage pump is obtained. The analysis shows that the working process of the drainage pump can be divided into two stages: the propulsion flow and the drainage flow. In the propulsion flow stage, the velocity of the piston discharge fluid is higher than that of the discharge pipe, and some of the fluid is stored in the buffer tank. As the piston speed decreases, the fluid in the buffer tank is released again, and the fluid continues to accelerate. In the drainage flow stage, the external fluid continues to be transported under the action of the fluid inertia force in the drainage pipeline. The function of buffer tank is simulated by velocity source term, and the switch function of valve is realized based on In-Form method and dynamic object method. The MOF file of object motion is compiled, and a set of numerical calculation method of drainage diaphragm pump is finally formed. The numerical simulation of a theoretical drainage pump is carried out by using this method, which verifies the existence of the drainage flow and shows that the volume efficiency of the drainage pump is over 200% under the theoretical conditions. At the same time, the calculated flow curve is approximately the same as the calculated curve, which verifies the rationality of the numerical method. By using the same numerical method, the internal flow of a practical drainage diaphragm pump is numerically simulated. It is found that the volume efficiency of the pump under the drainage is 127, but the internal flow is obviously asymmetric, and the main flow is inclined to one side of the drain pipe. The flow loss in the pump is large. The numerical simulation of the internal flow of the symmetrical structure drainage diaphragm pump shows that the internal flow loss is obviously reduced and the drainage effect is enhanced. The results of this paper have certain theoretical guiding value for the optimal design of drainage diaphragm pump.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH323

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