【摘要】：渦旋壓縮機(jī)是一種新型高效、低噪的容積式壓縮機(jī),與其他形式的壓縮機(jī)相比較在許多方面有著較大的優(yōu)勢(shì),隨著加工制造技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,渦旋壓縮機(jī)已廣泛應(yīng)用于制冷空調(diào)、動(dòng)力工程等領(lǐng)域。由于自身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),渦旋壓縮機(jī)的內(nèi)泄漏是影響其性能的主要因素;壓縮機(jī)曲軸上設(shè)有平衡重用于平衡動(dòng)渦旋產(chǎn)生的旋轉(zhuǎn)慣性力及其力矩。本文重點(diǎn)研究了圓漸開線渦旋壓縮機(jī)微間隙泄漏特點(diǎn)及平衡重旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的功率損耗。 首先根據(jù)圓漸開線渦旋壓縮機(jī)動(dòng)、靜渦旋齒型線的幾何特點(diǎn),建立了渦旋壓縮機(jī)吸氣容積、排氣容積、容積比、未封閉吸氣容積等幾何參數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。 在全面分析壓縮機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)、影響壓縮機(jī)性能及工作過程的各種因素的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了考慮內(nèi)部泄漏的壓縮機(jī)工作過程熱力學(xué)模型,并通過對(duì)微間隙氣體泄漏特點(diǎn)的研究,依據(jù)流體力學(xué)N—S方程、連續(xù)方程、狀態(tài)方程等,建立了渦旋壓縮機(jī)內(nèi)部切向泄漏、徑向泄漏以及動(dòng)渦旋與支架體間的泄漏數(shù)學(xué)模型。 渦旋壓縮機(jī)的內(nèi)泄漏間隙通常只有幾十微米,泄漏流動(dòng)理論數(shù)學(xué)模型并沒有考慮微通道表面粗糙度對(duì)氣體流動(dòng)特性的影響。以渦旋壓縮機(jī)純氣體內(nèi)泄漏模型為研究對(duì)象,在微尺度、低壓差泄漏流動(dòng)過程的基礎(chǔ)上,采用計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)方法,應(yīng)用FLUENT軟件分析了微間隙表面均勻鋸齒狀粗糙元的高度、分布密度和布置方式對(duì)于充分發(fā)展的泄漏流動(dòng)的影響。結(jié)果表明,較大的粗糙元高度和較大的微元分布密度可以有效增大泄漏微流體流動(dòng)阻力,降低泄漏流速。 為了平衡動(dòng)渦旋偏心設(shè)置所產(chǎn)生的旋轉(zhuǎn)慣性力及其力矩,渦旋壓縮機(jī)曲軸上設(shè)有平衡重,平衡重在旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中與平衡腔內(nèi)氣體相互作用會(huì)消耗一部分功率。利用FLUENT軟件的滑移網(wǎng)格模型,計(jì)算得到了不同結(jié)構(gòu)平衡重在轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi)消耗的功率,并對(duì)比研究了平衡重結(jié)構(gòu)形狀對(duì)耗功的影響。將平板型平衡重和帶凸臺(tái)平衡重徑向側(cè)面倒圓角既不會(huì)降低平衡效果,又使功耗最小。
[Abstract]:Scroll compressor is a new type of displacement compressor with high efficiency and low noise. Compared with other types of compressor, scroll compressor has great advantages in many aspects. With the development of manufacturing technology, Scroll compressor has been widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning, power engineering and other fields. The internal leakage of the scroll compressor is the main factor affecting its performance due to its structural characteristics and the balance weight is arranged on the crankshaft of the compressor to balance the rotating inertia force and its torque produced by the moving vortex. In this paper, the characteristics of microgap leakage of circular involute scroll compressor and the power loss of balanced heavy rotation are studied. Firstly, according to the geometric characteristics of the moving and static vortex profile of the circular involute scroll compressor, a mathematical model of the suction volume, exhaust volume, volumetric ratio and unclosed suction volume of the scroll compressor is established. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the compressor structure, various factors affecting the compressor performance and working process, the thermodynamic model of the compressor working process considering internal leakage is established, and the characteristics of gas leakage in the micro gap are studied. Based on the N-S equation, continuous equation and state equation of hydrodynamics, the mathematical models of internal tangential leakage, radial leakage and leakage between moving vortex and support are established. The internal leakage clearance of scroll compressor is usually only several tens microns. The effect of surface roughness of microchannel on gas flow characteristics is not taken into account in the theoretical model of leakage flow. Taking the internal leakage model of pure gas of scroll compressor as the research object, on the basis of micro-scale and low-pressure difference leakage flow process, the height of uniform sawtooth rough element on microgap surface is analyzed by using computational fluid dynamics method and FLUENT software. The effect of distribution density and layout on fully developed leakage flow. The results show that the larger rough element height and larger microelement distribution density can effectively increase the flow resistance and decrease the leakage velocity. In order to balance the rotational inertia force and its torque caused by the eccentric setting of the moving vortex, there is a balance weight on the crankshaft of the scroll compressor, which consumes a part of the power when the balance weight interacts with the gas in the balance chamber during the rotation process. By using the sliding grid model of FLUENT software, the power consumption in the range of rotational speed of different structural balance weights is calculated, and the influence of the balance weight structure shape on the power consumption is compared. The balanced weight of flat plate and the counterweight with punch can not reduce the balance effect and minimize the power consumption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH45

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