【摘要】：隨著全球制造業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展,機(jī)械產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的速度也隨之加快,企業(yè)只有不斷提升對(duì)市場(chǎng)需求的快速反應(yīng)能力,縮短產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)周期,降低設(shè)計(jì)與制造成本,才能在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中謀得一席之地。本研究在國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃(2012BAF12B08)和國(guó)家科技型中小企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新基金(10C26212110396)支持下,針對(duì)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品快速設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題,在分析國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于知識(shí)管理和快速設(shè)計(jì)理論、方法和應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,以多主軸數(shù)控車床為研究對(duì)象,綜合運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)、集成的思想,對(duì)快速設(shè)計(jì)的理論知識(shí)體系和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法進(jìn)行了深入的研究。 針對(duì)現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)理論體系對(duì)客戶需求的動(dòng)態(tài)性和創(chuàng)造性設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)律進(jìn)行充分表達(dá)方面尚顯不足的問(wèn)題,采用基元模型和基元蘊(yùn)含樹模型對(duì)客戶需求進(jìn)行描述和分解,獲得共性需求和個(gè)性需求；利用變精度粗糙集進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)則的抽取和知識(shí)約簡(jiǎn),提取出共性設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)則；以客戶需求為輸入,以設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)則為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以產(chǎn)品最終模型為輸出,構(gòu)建了基于客戶需求的機(jī)械產(chǎn)品快速設(shè)計(jì)框架。 針對(duì)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,產(chǎn)品異構(gòu)信息具有多維度、多層次性等特點(diǎn),研究了快速設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的知識(shí)獲取與表示方法。利用公理化設(shè)計(jì)理論對(duì)產(chǎn)品的知識(shí)模塊進(jìn)行劃分；采用自適應(yīng)遺傳算法提取出知識(shí)模塊的分類特征,運(yùn)用本體語(yǔ)言將產(chǎn)品需求、功能特性、設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)等產(chǎn)品特征信息建立在統(tǒng)一的知識(shí)表示模型中。通過(guò)實(shí)例對(duì)比表明,所提出的知識(shí)獲取與表示方法能夠有效解決快速設(shè)計(jì)中的瓶頸問(wèn)題,實(shí)現(xiàn)新產(chǎn)品的快速響應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)和創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì),為產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)重用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程是從設(shè)計(jì)空間到性能空間的正向映射過(guò)程,致使已有的知識(shí)難以在新產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中得到重用的問(wèn)題,構(gòu)建了基于多級(jí)實(shí)例分解的產(chǎn)品知識(shí)重用模型。該模型以從性能空間到設(shè)計(jì)空間的逆映射方法為導(dǎo)向,按照設(shè)計(jì)分解的粒度和順序,通過(guò)多級(jí)實(shí)例分解技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)功能域和結(jié)構(gòu)域間的相互映射,使沒(méi)有耦合或冗余的實(shí)例在全新的設(shè)計(jì)方案中得以重用,方便了各部門設(shè)計(jì)人員之間的知識(shí)共享。該方法有助于設(shè)計(jì)者快速得到與設(shè)計(jì)需求相匹配的知識(shí),有效進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)重用,從而降低設(shè)計(jì)成本,提高知識(shí)重用效率。 針對(duì)產(chǎn)品快速設(shè)計(jì)各階段產(chǎn)生的設(shè)計(jì)成果缺陷、設(shè)計(jì)反復(fù)迭代的問(wèn)題,對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的知識(shí)庫(kù)進(jìn)化方法進(jìn)行了研究。利用樸素貝葉斯分類器建立機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)模型進(jìn)行監(jiān)督學(xué)習(xí),可將非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)處理為結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)；采用領(lǐng)域本體技術(shù)進(jìn)行信息抽取、運(yùn)用相似度算法進(jìn)行本體演進(jìn)、將產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行聚類分析并用于知識(shí)挖掘：從而實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品知識(shí)庫(kù)和設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)則庫(kù)的持續(xù)優(yōu)化和升級(jí)。該知識(shí)庫(kù)進(jìn)化方法可以減少設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的重復(fù)性工作,提高快速設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量。 最后,將研究成果與企業(yè)工程實(shí)際相結(jié)合,進(jìn)行了多主軸數(shù)控車床快速原型系統(tǒng)的開發(fā),研究了系統(tǒng)的總體框架和功能結(jié)構(gòu)以及產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行快速設(shè)計(jì)的具體過(guò)程。該系統(tǒng)可以逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶對(duì)產(chǎn)品快速設(shè)計(jì)的全面管理,滿足了企業(yè)對(duì)快速設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化、智能化的需求。通過(guò)系統(tǒng)在企業(yè)中的應(yīng)用,驗(yàn)證了論文研究的快速設(shè)計(jì)方法的可行性與有效性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of global manufacturing industry, the speed of mechanical product renewal is also accelerating. Only by continuously improving the rapid response ability to market demand, shortening the product design cycle, reducing the design and manufacturing costs, can enterprises get a place in the fierce market competition. 08) Supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation Fund for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (10C26212110396), aiming at the problems existing in the process of rapid design of mechanical products, based on the analysis of the knowledge management and rapid design theory, methods and application status at home and abroad, the multi-spindle CNC lathe is taken as the research object, and the idea of integrated system and integration is applied comprehensively. The theoretical knowledge system and implementation method of rapid design are studied in depth.
In view of the insufficiency of the existing product design theory system in fully expressing the dynamic and creative design rules of customer needs, the elementary model and the elementary implication tree model are used to describe and decompose the customer requirements to obtain the common and individual requirements; the variable precision rough set is used to extract the design rules. The common design rules are extracted by knowledge reduction, and the rapid design framework of mechanical products based on customer requirements is constructed with customer requirements as input, design rules as standard and final product model as output.
In view of the complex knowledge structure of mechanical products and the multi-dimensional and multi-level characteristics of heterogeneous information of products, the knowledge acquisition and representation methods in the process of rapid design are studied. The product feature information, such as product requirements, functional characteristics, design parameters and so on, is established in a unified knowledge representation model. The comparison of examples shows that the proposed knowledge acquisition and representation method can effectively solve the bottleneck problem in rapid design, realize rapid response design and innovative design of new products, and reuse product design knowledge. Laid the foundation.
Aiming at the problem that traditional design process is a positive mapping process from design space to performance space, which makes it difficult for existing knowledge to be reused in new product design, a product knowledge reuse model based on multi-level case decomposition is constructed. The granularity and order of the model are mapped between the functional domain and the structural domain by the multi-level instance decomposition technique, so that the uncoupled or redundant instances can be reused in the new design scheme, and the knowledge sharing among designers in different departments is facilitated. The reuse of design knowledge can reduce the design cost and improve the efficiency of knowledge reuse.
Aiming at the shortcomings of design results produced in various stages of product rapid design and the problem of iterative design, the knowledge base evolution method in the design process is studied. Line information extraction, ontology evolution using similarity algorithm, clustering analysis of product structure and knowledge mining are used to achieve continuous optimization and upgrade of product knowledge base and design rule base.
Finally, combining the research results with the engineering practice of enterprises, the rapid prototyping system of multi-spindle NC lathe is developed, and the overall framework, functional structure and the specific process of rapid product design are studied. The system can gradually realize the overall management of rapid product design by users and meet the needs of enterprises. The design automation and intellectualization of the design system are required. The feasibility and validity of the rapid design method are verified by the application of the system in the enterprise.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TH122;F273

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